Study Guide Flashcards
What is Frequency (count)?
Every time behavior occurs, you mark it
What is Rate?
Behavior occurs per time, useful if sessions vary in time
What is Duration?
Total extent of time in which a behavior occurs, must have obvious beginning and end
latency
How long it takes a child to follow an instruction (more generally, time from onset of stimulus to the initiation of a response)
What is inter-respone time (IRT)?
Time between two successive responses e.g. sips of juice, bites of food
Whole Interval
Did the behavior occur during the whole interval? Used to increase a behavior
Partial Interval
Did the behavior occur at all during interval? Used to decrease a behavior
Momentary time sampling
Measure behavior occurring at specific point in time, useful when observing multiple subjects at the same time
What is a Permanent product?
Measuring the effects of a behavior after it occurred. It leaves a permanent product. You can physically see it, like holes in the wall they punch the wall or a completed homework assignment
What do you do for Daily Data Collection?
Collect discrete trial data on a discrete trial data sheet and put data on a summary graph
What do you do for Monthly data collection?
Place data on data per month data sheet
Operational definition
Define a behavior in observable terms and as specific as possible. That way if two different therapists use your definition, they will measure the same amount of instances. You know you have a good definition if two people have a very similar amount of instances recorded while they measure independently, this is called interobserver agreement (IOA)
What are Preference assessments?
Are done to find objects and activities for which the learner has a higher preference. These shift over time and can vary by setting so preference assessments should be done regularly
What are Reinforcers?
Presented after a behavior which makes that behavior more likely in the future
Do preference assessments identify reinforcers?
No, they give you an idea of what can possibly work as a reinforcer but it is not considered a reinforcer until after it has been shown to make the behavior more likely
What are the 3 ways to do a preference assessment?
- Asking
- Free operant
- Trial Based
How do you ASK for a preference assessment?
Ask the person or significant others to name things they prefer or giving them a survey to rank in order of preference
What is FREE OPERANT for a preference assessment?
They are free to do whatever they want, you just observe and measure how much time a learner engages with an item and which times they engage with.
When is FREE OPERANT best to use?
- Good in situations where removing items causes problem behaviors
- If they are not able to communicate a preference when given a choice
- if you are assessing for reinforcers you cannot hold in your hand
What are the 2 ways to do FREE OPERANT?
- Naturalistic: where you let them roam free in their natural environment
- Contrived: Plant different items within view and easy access to learner and measure how much time they engage
What is TRIAL BASED for preference assessments?
Present stimuli in trials
What are Stimuli?
anything you can experience with your senses
What are the 3 different ways to present the stimuli in trials for a preferrence assessment?
- Single stimulus (successive choice)
- Paired Stimuli (forced choice)
- Multiple stimuli w/wo replacement
What is single stimulus?
One by one, good for when they have difficulty choosing between two or more objects and seeing if they approach or reject. You should present each stimulus multiple times and in a different order