study guide Flashcards
oxygenate blood is carried from the placenta to fetus through the ______ _____
umbilical vein
the ______ _____ shunts blood away from liver and connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava
ductus venous
the ductus venous shunts blood away from liver and connects the _______ _______ to _______ ______ ____
umbilical vein
inferior vena cava
the ductus venous shunts blood away from the _______ and connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
liver
the ____ _____ bypasses the r ventricle and lungs through an opening between the r and l atrium
foramen ovale
the foremen ovale bypasses the _______ _____ and ______ through an opening between the r and l atrium
r ventricle
lungs
the foramen ovale bypasses the r ventricle and lungs through an opening between the ____ and _____ _______
right and left atrium
the _______ ______ bypasses the lungs and connects the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta
ductus arteriosis
the ductus arteriosis bypasses the lungs and connects the main _______ ______ to the _____ _______
main pulmonary artery
descending aorta
at birth oxygen is received from the ____ instead of the placenta
lungs
at birth oxygen is received from the lungs instead of the ______
placenta
the _______ _____ closes when the infant breaths
foramen ovale
the ______ ______ closes when cord is clamped
ductus venous
the _____ ______ constricts when arterial o2 rises
ductus arteriosis
mother should lay on what side to increase blood flow?
left side
mother should lay on left side to increase _____ ______
blood flow
_______ signs of pregnancy can be perceived by the examiner
probable
probable signs of pregnancy are _______
objective
_______ sign is the softening of the cervix
goodell’s
________ sign is when the cervix and vaginal mucosa become purplish
Chadwicks
_______ sign is the softening of lower segment of uterus
hegars
hegars sign is caused by _______ increasing vascularity
estrogen
_____ is when the examiner pushes against the cervix and feels rebound from unengaged fetus
ballottement
presumptive signs of pregnancy are _______
subjective
____ is the point in time when the infant has the capacity to survive outside the uterus
viability
post partum most complications occur within….
first 4 hours
slight increase of ______ in urine Is common in pregnant women
glucose
______ births occur between 38-40 weeks
term
________ births occur between 37-38 weeks
preterm
term births occur between _____weeks and ____ weeks and 6 days
38
40
preterm births occur between ___ weeks and _____ weeks and 6 days
37
38
post-term births occur after _____ weeks
42
_____ births occur after 42 weeks
post-term
______ is referred to as the “mask of pregnancy”
melasma
_______ is blotchy, brownish pigmentation on face
melasma
_____ _____ is a pigmented line in the middle of the abdomen
linea nigra
_______ _____ is redness on palms from increased estrogen
palmar erythema
palmar erythema is caused by increased ________
estrogen
in anemia during pregnancy ____ increases faster than RBCs
plasma
physiological anemia causes decreased _____ and ______ levels
hgb
hct
fundal height palpated where between 12-14 weeks
above symphysis pubis
between ____-___ weeks the fundus can be palpated above symphysis pubis
12-14
at approximately 20 weeks, fundus is palpated at level of ______
umbilicus
at approximately ____ weeks the fundus can be palpated at level of umbilicus
20
how do you determine due date with nagels rule?
first day of last period minus 3 months–then add 7 days
UTIs more common during pregnancy bc vaginal flora becomes more _______
alkaline
____ more common during pregnancy bc vaginal flora becomes more alkaline
UTIs
heartburn happens due to stomach being displaced by ______ ______
enlarging uterus
heartburn happens due to slowing of GI _____ and _______ from increased progesterone
motility
digestion
heartburn happens due to increased _______ levels
progesterone
leg cramps can cause imbalance in _____/ ______ ratio
calcium
phosphorus
_____ ___ can cause an imbalance in calcium/phosphorus ratio
leg cramps
____ ____ occurs when mother lies on back and the weight of uterus compresses vena cava
supine hypotension
supine hypotension occurs when the mother lies on back and uterus compresses ____ ______
vena cava
supine hypotension reduces _____ _____ to fetus
blood supply
what hormone causes nausea during early pregnancy?
Hcg surge
women should gain _____-____ lbs during 1st trimester
2.2-4.4
during 2nd and 3rd trimesters, women should gain how many pounds a week?
1
during 2nd trimester an increase in calories of _____ a day is recommended
340
during 3rd trimester an increase in calories of _____ a day is recommended
452
for breastfeeding women, an increase in calories of _____-____ a day is recommended
450-500
smoking during pregnancy can cause ____ _____ _____
low birth weight
drinking alcohol during pregnancy causes ______ ______
birth defects
prenatal appts should be every 4 weeks up to ____ weeks
28
prenatal appts should be every ___ weeks up to 28 weeks
4
prenatal appts should be every 2 weeks from weeks ______-____
29-36
prenatal appts should be every ___ weeks from 29-36 weeks
2
prenatal appts every week from ____ weeks to birth
37
prenatal appts every _____ from 37 weeks to birth
week
glucose tolerance test done at _____ weeks
24
glucose greater than _____ requires follow up
140
