Study Guide Flashcards
What best describes the Viral attachment protein (VAP) of the rhinovirus?
-Canyon
-High Variable Region VP1, 2, 3
-Receptor: ICAM-1 and Immunoglobulin (LDL)
Flu-like symptoms due to respiratory viruses cause patients to mistakenly think they are infected with influenza. According to the graph data collected at the hospital in Tecumseh, Michigan, what virus was responsible for the majority of the cases where patients reported to an emergency room suffering from a respiratory infection?
Rhinovirus (38.5% of cases)
What accurately represents a current Flu Vaccine?
- Skilled vaccine predicts yearly strains of influenza A & B
- 2021-2022 Egg based quadrivalent and trivalent vaccine.
- Cell/Recombination based quadrivalent and trivalent.
- Inactivated whole virus vaccine.
- 1-2 flu B components
- 2 flu A components
- Flu B component doesn’t have the H and N designation because they don’t undergo reassortment in Flu B
- H1N1, H3N2, B-Victoria, B-Yamagata??
What animal is considered to be the major reservoir for Influenza?
- Migratory waterfowl ex. Ducks, Birds, Mammals
What can occur if two influenza strains co-infect an animal?
- Antigenic shift, associated with reassortment of Hemagglutinin (H) strain and neuraminidase (N) strain
- Results in a very different virus strain
A person Infected with influenza can experience? Hint: Adults and Children are different.
Adults: Fever, Chills, Malaise, Myalgia, Sore throat, and non-productive cough
Children: High Fever, GI Tract symptoms, OM, myositis, and croup
What best characterizes the structure of Influenza A?
*Negative enveloped, ssRNA with segmented genome
*Hemagglutinin (HA) Trimer–> VAP
*Neuraminidase (NA) tetramer–> Facilitates spread from/of cell-to cell
What is the portal of entry for VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus) (HHV3)?
*Respiratory tract- Primary infection begins in the tonsils and mucosa of the respiratory tract.
An OB/GYN may recommend _____ to a pregnant women with a history of genital herpes? Why?
*C-Section
*Reduces risk of baby getting neonatal herpes HSV-2 from the mother, which is often fatal.
With VZV, a major source of contagion is:
*Respiratory & Close contact
*Aerosol/Direct contact of infected fluids from vesicles
*Aerosol from active shingles in the elderly
Which virus below is transmitted via blood, organ transplants, and all secretions?
*CYT (Cytomegalovirus)
Transmission of EBV occurs notably via:
*Saliva (kissing disease)
A patient was infected with HSV1 in the past. The most likely site of latency for this virus is:
*Trigeminal nerve ganglion (neurotropic)
Which vaccine(s) can generate circulatory IgG in the treatment of polio?
*Both Inactivated (injected; Salk) and live attenuated (oral; Sabin)
In 1918, anywhere from 20 million to 90 million people died worldwide due to Influenza A. What preventative measure do we have now that we did not have back in 1918?
*Flu vaccines (vaccinations)
What Influenza enzyme is targeted by the use of Tamiflu and Relenza?
*Neuraminidase inhibitor- prevents cleavage and release of virus
What is considered a complication associated with Influenza infection?
*Pneumonia (Primary viral Pneumonia, and Secondary bacterial Pneumonia)
*Myositis, cardiac involvement
*Neurological: Guillain Barre Syndrome, Encephalopathy, Encephalitis, & Reye’s
The antibody response to a vaccine differs among individuals owing to differences in their history of ______ and _________.
*Influenza infections
*Vaccinations
*Could also be due to an indiviidual’s genetics of MHC I and II
(T/F) Memory T cells and B cells are associated with immunologic imprinting.
*True (Back boosting)
In 2014, the predominate Influenza strain that could reassort was the Hong Kong strain. In 2016, the Singapore strain was included in the vaccine. If a 38 year old vaccinee who adheres to the annual flu shot recommendation received the flu shot in 2016, what antibodies were induced?
*Memory and Naive B cells
*They would have Abs for the Hong Kong strain & the Singapore strain (as well as the previous strains the individual was vaccinated for).
