study guide Flashcards
if a patient claims to have pain in the eye but does not have any other symptoms, when do you schedule them for an appointment?
immediately have them come to the office
which type of contact lens is applied after waking and removed before going to sleep
conventional daily wear lenses
what is the purpose of HIPPA?
improve the portability and continuity of health insurance overage. Improve access to long-term care services and coverage to simplify administrative care
how many layers in the cornea
five
what does a tonometer measure?
pressure in the eye
what are cycloplegia drugs used for?
to dilate the eyes
what lens material is the easiest to break?
glass
what is the primary function of the inferior rectus muscle?
turn the eye downward
what are plus lenses used to correct?
hyperopia and presbyopia
what is it called when the cornea thins and bulges forward?
keratoconus
what is the frame height, the most vertical dimension of the lens opening also known as?
“B” measurement
what is the name for the part of the frame that connects the two eye wires?
bridge
what is the smallest unit of lens measure?
0.25, D
what does a lensometer measure?
back vertex power which includes sphere and cylinder power
what are used to treat dry eyes?
artificial tears and lubricants
glaucoma causes damage to the eye
true
ultraviolet coating protect the eye from damaging UV light indoors and outdoors
true
aspheric lenses provide a smaller field of vision
false
diabetic patients may have vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy
true
rods are the photoreceptors that provide color vision
false
what is the papillon?
optic nerve head
what is for Ab-
away
what is Phot
light
what is Cor, Lore, Pupil?
pupil
what is Ia?
abnormal condition
What is peri?
surrounding
what is Osis?
diseased, abnormal state
what is Intra?
within
what is blephar?
eyelid
what is hyper?
excessive, above, over
what is conjuctiv?
conjunctiva
what is meter?
measurer
what is chrom?
color
what is ectomy?
cutting out, excision
what is ology?
the study of
what is Bi and di
two
what is corne and kerat
cornea
what is retro-?
backward
what is ex-?
away from, out of
what is oma?
tumor, swelling
what is hypo?
under, below
what is pathy?
disease
what is irid and iri?
Iris
what is scope?
instrument used for examination
what is opt?
vision
what is dipl?
two, double
what is para?
beside, beyond, around
what is aniso?
different
what is itis?
inflammation
what is ocul and opthalm?
eye
what is orth?
straight
what is ton?
tension, pressure
what is ologist?
one who studies or practices
what is retin?
retina
what is sub?
under, below
what is -Ai, -ic, -ous?
pertaining to
what is phobia?
abnormal fear of aversion to specific things
what is scler?
sclera
what is a-, an- ?
without
what is Ad-?
to, toward
what is P.R.N?
as needed
what is q-h?
every hour
what is PHI?
protected health information
what is P.O?
by mouth
what is oculus dexter?
right eye (OD)
what is external/ lateral rectus?
outward
what is internal/medical?
inward
what is myolriatics?
dilators
what is QHS?
at bedtime
what is GTT?
drop
what is tonometry?
a test that measures the pressure inside your eye, which is called intraocular pressure
the instrument that contains lenses and can be used to determine a spectacle correction?
phoropter
laser based, non contact, non invasive imaging technique
optical coherence tomography (OCT)
a lens with no power?
plano
the entire area that can be seen when the eye is directed forward including that which is seen with peripheral vision
visual field
the chart most often used to measure acuity at distance
snellen chart
provides nutrients for the lens and posterior cornea
aqueous humor
part of the retina responsible for sharp, clear vision
macula
the result of the refraction depends on the patients ability to discern changes in clarity. This process relies on the cooperation of the patient
subjective refraction
the ability to maintain visual focus on an object with both eyes creating a single visual image
binocular vision
swelling or infection of the membrane lining the eyelids or conjunctiva?
conjunctivitis
a method of determining the state of refraction of the eye by illuminating the retina with a mirror and observing the direction of movement of the retinal illumination
retinoscopy
the two main types of filing systems
numerical and alphabetical
the ophthalmic examination of the eye by use of a slit lamp and magnifying lens
biomicroscopy
what are the type of eye dilators?
tropic amide, atropine, scopolamine, phenylephrine
what is proparacine?
a topical anesthetic
refers to the imaging by section or sectioning through the use of any kind of penetrating wave
tomography
corrects one eye for distance and the other eye for near and can be used to correct presbyopia
monovision
the lifeline into and out of the practice
telephone
supplies most of the tears to the eye
lacrimal gland
a complication of diabetes, progressive damage to the blood vessels of the retina
diabetic retinopathy
inferior oblique
upward and diagonally
superior oblique
downward and diagonally
associated with aging and results in damaging sharp and central vision
macular degeneration
the distance between the center of the pupil of each eye
interpupillary distance (PD)
when the vision in one of the eyes is reduced because the eye and the brain aren’t working together properly. the eye itself may look normal, but its not being used normally
amblyopia (lazy eye)
is a clouding of the eye lens and is the leading cause of blindness
cataract
a paralysis of the ciliary muscle, so accomadatin can’t occur
cycloplegia
a test that allows a doctor to see inside the back of the eye and other structures using a magnifying instrument and a light source
ophthalmoscopy
involves an imbalance in the positioning of the two eyes. it can cause the eyes to cross in or turn out. Its caused by a lack of coordination between the eyes
strabismus
surgical removal of the lens, usually replaced with a plastic intraocular lens
cataract surgery
a broken blood vessel between the sclera and conjunctiva
sub conjunctival hemorrhage
numerous different surgeries that facilitate the escape of excess aqueous humor from the eye to lower the intraocular pressure and a few that lower IOOP by decreasing the pressure
glaucoma surgery
computer assisted method of mapping the surface curvature the cornea
topography
the distance from the back surface of the lens to the front of the eye
vertex distance
the ability to maintain visual focus on an object with both eyes creating a single visual image
binocular vision
when water is retained and swelling occurs in the cornea
corneal edema
what are eye anesthetics
proparacaine, tetracaine, locaine
measurement of the form and curvature of the cornea
keratometry
the procedure using ultraviolet radiation from a laser to remove tissue
photo ablation
the system for sorting and assigning priorities for medical treatment based on the urgency of the systems
triage
the creation of a photograph of the inferior surface of the eye
fungus photography
the measure of the finest detail the eye may detect
visual acuity
the distance from the back surface of the lens to the front of the eye
vertex distance
increases visual acuity because it reduces internal lens reflections
anti-reflective coatings
inferior rectus
downward and inward
located behind the pupil, and is the secondary mechanism of focus, adjusting the amount of focus the light image requires before it reaches the retina
lens
the nerve center of the eye where light is converted into an electrical signal that travels along the optic nerve to the brain
retina
controls the focusing power of the eye by changing the shape of the lens
ciliary muscle
the light sensitive part of the eye
retina
a layer located behind the retina and absorbs unused radiation
choroid
superior rectus
upward and inward
transparent covering of the eye that lies between the eyelid and front of the eye
conjunctiva
what provides the major refractive power of the eye
cornea
the inferior portion of the eyeball that may be seen on ophthalmoscopy
fundus
a mid index lens material that is thinner than glass or CR-39, free from distortion and aberration and able to be used as a safety lens
trivex
which type of lens will have the same power in all areas of the lens
spherical
this is the pathway between the eye and the brain along which the signals produced by the retina travel to the brain
optic nerve
the gel that fills the eye and allows it to maintain its shape. Also serves as a clear pathway for light when it travels from the lens to the retina
vitreous
an ophthalmic stain available in liquid form and is the most commonly used ophthalmic dye
sodium fluorescein
increases visual acuity because it reduces internal lens reflections
anti reflective coating
the portion of the optic nerve that is formed by the meeting of all retinal nerve fibers
optic disc
