Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

urinary system > study guide > Flashcards

study guide Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the urinary system

A

regulating blood volume

stabilizing pH

eliminating organic wastes

secrete the hormones erythropoietin, calcitrol, and the enzyme renin

activation of vitamin D

regulation of water and electrolyte balances (Na, K, Cl, etc)

regulation of acid-base balance (pH) by controlling loss of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions in urine

regulation of (blood) arterial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is the kidney involved with normal bone ossifaction and development?

A

kidneys produce calcitriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

through which organ urine is eliminated

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

give the correct order in which urine passes, through the following structures

A

collecting duct
renal pyramids
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney

A

hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which is the cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces

A

renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

through which blood vessel, blood leaves the glomerulus

A

efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the proper order for the structures of the renal corpuscle through which a substance passes during filtration?

A

capillary endothelium

dense layer

filtration slits

capsular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are renal columns

A

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in which part of the nephron the macula densa is found?

A

the distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name the hormones produced by the kidneys

A

erythropoietin

calcitriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name the enzyme produced by the kidneys

A

renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the role of kidneys in the activation of vitamin D

A

25-hydrocholecalciferol is hydroxylated to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the primary fucntion of the proximal convoluted tubule

A

absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood tot he kidney. In what order does blood pass through these vessels

A

renal artery

interlobar artery

arcuate artery

cortical radiate artery

afferent arteriole

glomerulus

efferent arteriole

peritubular capillary

renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what represents the amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys in one minute

A

glomerular filtration rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

by which method kidneys maintain the acid-base equilibrium of the body fluid

A

by reabsorption of bicarbonate ions and excretion of hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which hormone is responsible for making the distal and collecting tubule of the nephron to be permeable to water

A

anti diuretic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

if ADH is absent what type of urine will be produced

A

hypotonic urine

diabetes insipidus is a rare disease caused by deficiency of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes polyuria (excessive passage of urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where does potassium secretion take place in kidneys

A

distal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which element is retained by the action of aldosterone on kidney tubules

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in kidneys urine formation starts with filtration. It is possible because

A

efferent arteriole is narrower than afferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in which segment of the nephron is sodium transported out of the nephron

A

proximal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the composition of blood in the renal artery and renal vein

A

renal artery contains more oxygen, less carbon dioxide, and more urea than renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

in which part of the renal tubule most of the water reabsorbed

A

proximal colvulted tubule

26
Q

which part of the nephron is permeable to water due to ADH

A

last 1/3 of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

27
Q

when the pH of the blood is low, which substance is likely to be excreted in larger quantities in the urine

A

hydrogen ions

28
Q

which process in the kidney regualtes the H+ concentration of the blood

A

tubular secretion

29
Q

what is Angiotensinogen

A

a protein produced in the liver and present in the blood plasma

30
Q

which process produces urea

A

deamination
excess amino acid are broken down in the liver to produce urea

31
Q

which cells produce renin

A

juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent and efferent arterioles

32
Q

where is urea produced

A

liver

33
Q

what is the correct path of the flow of glomerular filtrate in the kidneys

A

glomerulus

proximal tubule

henle’s loop

distal tubule

collecting duct

renal papilla

renal pelvis

34
Q

what is renin, give its function

A

renin is an enzyme produced by kidneys

function: converts the plasma protein angiotensinogen formed in the liver to angiotensin 1

it is produced when the blood pressure and glomerular filtrate volume decrease

35
Q

what is the role of angiotensin 2 maintaining blood pressure

A

angiotensin 2 constricts the walls of arterioles closing down capillary beds

stimulates the proximal tubules in the kidney to reabsorb sodium ions

stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

stimulates thirst

triggers release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

stimulates reabsorption of water in distal portion of DCT and collecting system

mobilizing the venous reserve

increasing cardiac output

stimulating peripheral vasoconstriction

elevating arterial pressures throughout body

36
Q

an obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone limits the flow of urine between which 2 points

A

renal pelvis

urinary bladder

37
Q

what effect does eating a high-protein diet have on the composition of urine

A

increased urea

38
Q

damage to which part of the nephron interferes with hormonal control of blood pressure

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

39
Q

how are cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons structurally different

A

juxtamedullary nephrons have longer nephron loops

40
Q

what is the composition of the filtrate in the capsular space

A

similar to plasma, only no proteins

41
Q

which mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure

A

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

42
Q

a patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. which of the following causes this condition

A

absence of ADH

43
Q

what is the area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the 2 ureters and the urethra

A

trigone

44
Q

where do the renal veins drain blood into

A

inferior vena cava

45
Q

the cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells from the

A

juxtaglomerular complex

46
Q

what is the structural and functional unit of kidneys

A

nephron

47
Q

what is the function of vasa recta

A

to create the osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kideny to produce hypertonic urine

involves the reabsorption in to the medullary interstitial fluid of Na+, Cl-, urea, and water

acculmation of excess of these substances in the medulla is prevented by their removal in to the blood stream by vasa recta

48
Q

what are the 3 processes involved in urine formation

A

glomerular filtration

tubular reabsorption

tubular secretion

49
Q

what are the advantages of tubular reabsorption

A

very important to conserve water, ions, and important nutrients in out body

also helps to control blood pH

50
Q

main purpose of tubular secretion

A

removes wastes and regulate the H+ concentration of the blood

51
Q

how is sodium reabsorbed in the proximal part of the tubule

A

by contransport with bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids, and phosphate

water follows the Na+

52
Q

what is the role of aldosterone in maintaining blood pressure

A

stimulates tubular reabsorption of sodium

water follows sodium ions out of the nephron in to the peritubular capillaries thus restoring the blood volume and blood pressure

increases the strength of the heartbeat

stimulates the pituitary to release the ADH or vasopressin

all these action lead to an increase in blood pressure

53
Q

what are the componets of the juxtaglomerular appartus

A

consists of macula densa cells in the initial portion of the distal tubule and juxaglomerular cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles and the lacis or extraglomerular cells (unknown function)

54
Q

function of macula densa

A

a fall in tubular Na+ and Cl- is detected by the macula densa and causes an increased renin secretion

55
Q

what is the function of juxtaglomerular cells

A

of the afferent and efferent arterioles secrete renin and stores renin

56
Q

what are the methods by which acid-base balance is maintained in our body

A

kidneys excrete H+ ions and conserve base (HCO3)

buffer systems bind free H+

lungs eliminate CO2

57
Q

what are the common kidney diseases

A

chronic kidney diseases (CKD)

kidney failure

kidney stones

diabetes insipidus

58
Q

what are the layers of the wall is the ureters

A

inner mucosa

middle muscular layer

outer connective tissue layer

59
Q

which enzyme activate angiotensin 1 in to activated angiotensin 2 (active form)

A

enzyme produced by the endothelial lining of the blood capillaries of the alveoli

60
Q

what are the 2 factors that inhibit the secretion of ADH

A

increase in blood volume

increase in blood pressure inhibit the secretion of ADH

urinary system (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions