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Science Final Study Guide > Study Guide 100 Questions > Flashcards

Study Guide 100 Questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number of

A

nuetrons

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2
Q

If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction

A

absorbs energy

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3
Q

Water molecules are polar, with the

A

oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive

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4
Q

A paleontologist would likely be most interested in finding

A

a universal Tree of Life

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5
Q

On 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is

A

eliminated as heat

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6
Q

How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?

A

Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses

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7
Q

The total amount of living tissue withing a given trophic level is called the

A

biomass

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8
Q

The standard or English system of measurement uses units such as yards, miles, quarts, and gallons. The metric system uses units such as meters, kilometers, millimeters, and liters. Why is the metric system easier to use than the English system?

A

The metric system is based in multiples of 10

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9
Q

Why is creativity considered a scientific attitude?

A

Creativity helps scientists come up with different experiments

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10
Q

Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?

A

Chemosynthetic bacteria

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11
Q

The three particles that make up an atom are

A

protons, nuetrons, and electrons

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12
Q

Suppose that a scientific ideas is well-tested and can be used to make predictions in numerous new situations, but cannot explain one particular event. This idea is a

A

theory that may need revision

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13
Q

**Compared to land, the open oceans

A

are nutrient-poor environments

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14
Q

**A scientist working in which area of biology is MOST likely to study DNA?

A

information and heredity

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15
Q

During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests

A

a single variable

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16
Q

A word that means the same thing as consumer is

A

heterotroph

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17
Q

When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is

A

a product

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18
Q

Which property of water causes the curved surface

A

adhesion

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19
Q

What type of electron is available to form bonds

A

valence

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20
Q

Amino acid is to protein as

A

simple sugar is to starch

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21
Q

Matter can recycle through the biosphere because

A

biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it

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22
Q

**Which kind of biologist would most likely use satellite technology

A

global ecologist

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23
Q

The work of scientists usually begins with

A

careful observations

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24
Q

Plants are

A

primary producers

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25
Q

Solutions that have more OH- than H+ ions are

A

bases

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26
Q

What does a reviewer do during peer-review

A

Checks for mistakes and bias

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27
Q

After a scientist publishes a paper, someone else finds evidence that the paper’s hypothesis may not be correct. The scientist is unhappy, but studies the new evidence anyway. The scientist is showing which scientific attitude?

A

Open-mindedness

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28
Q

What kinds of atoms are bonded to carbon atoms in the molecule show

A

hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

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29
Q

Corn planted in a field that has been previously planted with legumes and then plowed under is likely to be

A

more productive because bacteria living on the roots of legumes fix nitrogen in the soil

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30
Q

Information gathered from observing a plant grown 3 cm over a two-week period is called

A

data

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31
Q

Figure 1-1 illustrates which characteristic of living things (its a food web)

A

Living things need material and energy

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32
Q

Because of biogeochemical cycling

A

nutrients are circulated throughout the biosphere

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33
Q

Cells in multicellular organisms have many different sizes and shapes. The differences in cells is called cell specialization. Cell specialization allows cells to

A

perform different functions

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34
Q

Which of the following is a question that can be answered by science

A

How does DNA influence a person’s health? (No ethical)

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35
Q

A student sees a bee on a flower. The student wonders how the bee finds flowers. This student is displaying the scientific attitude of

A

curiosity

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36
Q

In a water molecule, shared electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the oxygen atom is

A

slightly negative

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37
Q

Why is carbon so special compared to other elements

A

Carbon atoms can bond to one another and form a lot of different structures

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38
Q

Why is carbon so special compared to other elements

A

Carbon atoms can bond to one another and form a lot of different sturctures

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39
Q

A covalent bond is formed as the result of

A

sharing electrons

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40
Q

Based on your observations, you suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is

A

a hypothesis

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41
Q

A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states indicated that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of

A

4.22

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42
Q

Scientists will never know for sure why dinosaurs became extinct. Therefore, scientists should

A

continue to learn as much as they can about dinosaur extinction

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43
Q

Which of the following makes up a molecule of water

A

two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

44
Q

A theory

A

may be revised or replaced

45
Q

A chlorine atoms that has 17 protons and 18 nuetrons is called

A

chlorine-35

46
Q

A mathematical formula designed to predict population fluctuations in a community could be called an

A

ecological model

47
Q

In chemical reactions, atoms are

A

rearranged

48
Q

What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons

A

positive

49
Q

If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured

A

the pH of stomach acid would be below 7, but the pH of the oven cleaner would a above 7

50
Q

Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?

A

Species make up populations, which make up communities
SPCEBB

51
Q

What is the term for each step of the transfer of energy and matter within the food web

A

trophic level

52
Q

Biologists who work in the fields of genomics and molecular biology study

A

DNA

53
Q

Suppose a scientist must choose whether to publish a report in a newspaper or in a peer-reviewed journal. What is the benefit of publishing in the journal?

A

The quality of the report will meet high scientific standards

54
Q

Identify the reactants in the chemical reaction:
CO2 + H2O = H2C03

A

CO2 and H20

55
Q

A solution is a

A

mixture in which the substances are evenly spread out

56
Q

Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why some North American birds fly south for the winter?

A

Living things respond to their environment

57
Q

A substance with a pH of 6 is called

A

an acid

58
Q

Science differs from other disciplines, such as history, and the arts, because science relies on

A

testing explanations

59
Q

Which of the following is NOT a goal of science

A

to establish a collection of unchanging truths

60
Q

The energy needed to get a reaction started is the

A

activation energy

61
Q

Which term does NOT apply to sodium chloride (salt)

A

molecule

62
Q

How are molecules bonded

A

covalently

63
Q

A model of the complex feeding interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers is called a

A

food web

64
Q

A personal preference or point of view is

A

a bias

65
Q

What are the smallest object that biologists study

A

molecules

66
Q

What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemical

A

chemical reaction

67
Q

In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike

A

they both obtain energy by consuming other organisms

68
Q

Figure 1-2 shows that tree finches and ground finches are descended from a common ancestor. This example represents which big idea in biology

A

evolution

69
Q

The movement of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because

A

energy flows in one direction, and nutrients cycle

70
Q

How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance science

A

Scientists reading the articles may come up with new questions to study

71
Q

Which of the following is NOT a way that science influences society?

A

Science gives science answers to difficult ethical issues

72
Q

How do most primary producers make their own food?

A

by using light energy to make carbohydrates

73
Q

Suppose that a scientists proposes a hypothesis about how a newly discovered virus affects humans. Other virus researchers would likely

A

design new experiments to test the proposed hypothesis

74
Q

If you stir salt into boiling water, you produce a

A

mixture called a solution

75
Q

A scientist discovers an important breakthrough in cancer treatment. The scientist thinks the information could save thousands of lives and immediately announces the results on national television, skipping peer review. How might other scientists react to this news?

A

They will be skeptical because the report was not peer-reviewed

76
Q

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT

A

transpiration

77
Q

Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon. It has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Of its 6 electrons, 4 are valence electrons. How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

A

4

78
Q

Organisms need nutrients in order to

A

Carry out essential life functions

79
Q

Who reviews articles for peer-reviewed journals

A

Anonymous and independent experts

80
Q

What are found in the space surrounding the nucleus of an atom?

A

electrons

81
Q

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the

A

solvent

82
Q

The substance that gets dissolved

A

solute

83
Q

the substance that is dissolved in

A

solvent

84
Q

The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called

A

ecology

85
Q

Which part of the water cycle is a biological process?

A

transpiration

86
Q

What animals eat both producers and consumers?

A

omnivores

87
Q

Which of the following is a substance formed by the chemical joining of two or more elements in definite amounts?

A

compound

88
Q

A bird, stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which pair of ecological terms describes the bird?

A

carnivore, consumer

89
Q

The simplest grouping of more that one kind of organism is

A

community
SPCEBB

90
Q

If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 nuetrons, its atomic number is

A

11

91
Q

**Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

A

store and transmit genetic information - DNA and RNA (nucleic acids)

92
Q

A well-tested explanation that explains a lot of observations is

A

a theory

93
Q

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called

A

a catalyst

94
Q

The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called

A

the water cycle

95
Q

A scientific hypothesis

A

can be tested by experiments or observations

96
Q

The algae at the beginning of the food chain are

A

primary producers

97
Q

Focusing on which two central theme in biology would help a student understand why animals come in different shapes and sizes?

A

structure and function; unity and diversity of life

98
Q

Scientists often try to repeat each other’s results. Which of the following should a scientist do to make it easier for others to replicate his or her experiment?

A

Use the metric system when communicating procedures and results

99
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

A

ability of move

100
Q

The basic unit of length in the metric system is the

A

meter

101
Q

Which of the following statements is true about catalysts

A

Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction

102
Q

Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the

A

speed of the reaction

103
Q

Atomic mass is

A

Actual weight of the atom

104
Q

Mass number

A

protons and neutrons

105
Q

Atomic mass

A

Protons only

Science Final Study Guide (1 decks)

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