Study for midterm Flashcards
Paraphilia
group of behaviors that involve repeated and intense sexual arousal to atypical and sometimes socially deviant stimuli.
DSM
manual that describes mental health disorders in children and adults
paraphilia
persistent and atypical sexual interest in nonhuman objects, physical or emotionally painful experiences or non consenting or sexually immature individuals.
non coercive paraphilias
fetishism, transvestism, sadism and masochilsm
Coercive paraphilias
voyeurism, exhibitionism, frotteurism, pedophilia,
DSM definition of normal sexuality
doesn’t have definition for healthy sexuality, so DSM criteria for deviant sexual issues is difficult unless underlying motivation for action is found
most commonly reported paraphilias
pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, masochism and frotteurism
who gets paraphilias
starts in early puberty, most people who seek treatment are between 15 and 25, more rare in men over 50, all religions, races orientations, education BUT ALMOST ALL ARE MEN
Correlations with paraphilias
sexual abuse history, sexual dysfunction in marriage, impulse control disorders, problems with alcohol or drug abuse, temporal lobe epilepsy, tourette’s syndrom, huntingtons disease, multiple schlerosis, traumatic brain injury.
Developmental theories
Childhood trauma or events permanently alter sexual expression
Psychoanalytic theory
unresolved inner conflicts caused by traumatic events during childhood, particularly Oedipus complex and castration anxiety
Lovemaps
theory that describes a person’s template for his or her ideal romantic partner, affected by experiences in life
Courtship disorder theory
the theory that paraphilias are due to a disturbed courtship cycle
Classic Conditioning:
a learning process that occurs when a previously neutral stimulus is paired with another stimulus that produces a naturally occurring response. Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the other stimulus
Noncoercive paraphilias
paraphilias that are practiced by individuals privately or by wiling adult participants
Fetishism
a paraphilia in which a person has sexually arousing fantasies and behaviors regarding an inanimate object. The word fetish derives from the Portuguese word feitico meaning charm or sorcery
Partialism
a fetish that involves a particular body part, such as breasts, hair or feet.
Fetish development
during childhood or adolescent and most easily explained by classical and operant conditioning theories.
Transvestic Fetishism
cross dressing for sexual pleasure, similar to fetishism in that pleasure is dependent on clothes, but different in that they must be worn, not merely held or looked at
Difference between drag queens and transvestites
transvestites usually heterosexual males who have no desire to be a woman, drag queens just wanna dress up and have a good time!
Augogynephilia
becomes sexually aroused at the thought of or image of himself as a woman
BDSM
bondage and discipline, dominance and submission and masochism
Top
The dominant or controling partner in a BDSM relationship
Bottom
the submissive partner in a BDSM relationship
Discipline
the use of rules or punishment to control another’s behavior
Dominatrix
a woman who plays the dominant role in a BDSM relationship
Bondage
sexual practice that involved physcially restraining one of the partners
Sadomasochism
the consensual use of pain or humiliation for sexual pleasure
Masochism
a paraphilia in which one derives sexual pleasure from being hurt or humiliated as part of a sexual ritual
sadism
a paraphilia in which one derives sexual pleasure from intentionally hurting or humiliating others.
scene
an erotic encounter between dominant and submissive partners
infantalism
arousal from dressing or acting like a baby, being treated like a baby
autoerotic ashyxiation
breath play, oxygen deprivation while masturbating: mostly males age 13-30
Coercive paraphilias
problematic due to the unwilling participation of others. include exhibitionism, telephone scatologia, voyeurism, frotteurism, biastophlia, pedophlilia
Exhibitionism
person is sexually aroused by exposing his or her genitals to an unsuspecting stranger (most only the penis, 15% whole body) (one of most common and usually starts before age 18)
telephone scatologia
form of exhibitionism where a person calls another person (usually male to female) and uses sexually explicit language for sexual gratification (usually heterosexual and limited social interaction with failed relationships) VERY very common
Voyeurism
deriving compulsive sexual pleasure from observing strangers with out their knowledge or consent as they undress or engage in sexual relations - would rather watch others than engage in sex themselves
scopophiliac
enjoys watching others who have consented to being watched (not coercive)
Frotteurism/Toucherism
rubbing against another person with genitals/touching another person’s body without their consent (most likely to be men between 15 and 30)
Pedophlia
adult who is preferential or sometimes exclusively sexually attracted to prepubescent children
Criteria for pedophilia
-at least 6 months recurrent sexually arousing fantasies, urges or behavior involving sexual activity re: prepubescent child. Pedophile must be at least 16 years old an be at least 5 years older than the child or children to which he is sexually attracted. Some pedophlies never sexually abuse a child
Hebephilia
sexual preference for boys and girls in the early years of puberty
ephebophilia
sexual preference for mid to late adolescents and teens who have undergone puberty (not considered a mental disorder)
biastophlilia
a paraphilia in which sexual arousal is dependent on sexually assaulting or raping a non consenting victim
zoophilia
fantasies or urges to have sexual contact with animals
bestiality
zoophilia that has actual sexual contact with animals
necrophliha
a paraphilia in which a person wants to have sex with corpses
characteristics of most pedophlies
male, heterosexual, 30-40’s with lower IQ scores and poorer self esteem than normal, atypical hormone and neurotransmitter levels and neuroanotomical abnormalities
Necrophiliac fantasy
person who is sexually attracted to dead bodies, usually in order to possess an unresisting partner that cannot reject them
regular necrophliac
has sex with bodies that are already dead
necrophliac homicide
a person that kills in order to have sex with the victims body
Necrophliacs
all men, severe psychological problems, hate and fear women and are only able to interact with one who is dead
Treatment for noncoercive paraphilias
only needed if the behavior is stressful to the person
Treatment for coercive paraphilias
social skills training, aversion therapy, orgasmic reconditioning,
Social skills training
behavioral therapy designed to help people who have difficulties relating to others people, enhance self esteem
Aversion therapy
behavior modification (UNCOMMON) that uses unpleasant stimuli in a controlled fashion to change a patients behavior in a therapeutic way.
Orgasmic reconditioning
behavioral therapy technique designed to reinforce acceptable sexual behaviors in which a client is instructed to switch from a paraphilic fantasy to a fantasy o conventional sexual stimulus or behavior as orgasm approaches
asexuality
lack of desire not due to drugs, disease or life experience, an essential part of ones makeup
hypersexuality
nymphomania, satyrism compulsive engagement in sexual activities, obsessive an controlled sexual desire. can manifest as compulsive masturbation, sex with multiple partners, exramarital affairs, dependence on porn, phone sex or cybersex.
withdrawal
group of symptoms that occurs after abrupt discontinuation of a drug.
15 domains of healthy Sexual development
- freedom from unwanted activity 2. understanding of consent and ethical conduct more generally 3. education about biological aspect of sexual practice 4. understanding of safety 5. relationship skills 6. agency 7. lifelong learning 8. resilience 9. open communication. 10 sexual development should not be aggressive, coercive or joyless 11. awareness and acceptance that sex can be pleasurable 12. understanding of parental and societal values 13. awareness of public/private boundaries 13. competence in mediated sexuality
freedom from unwanted activity
freedom from unwanted activity
An understanding of consent, and ethical conduct more generally
Consenting and acquiring consent, and the freedom to withhold or withdraw consent, always; knowing what consent really means and involves for everyone are key to healthy sexual development and to a healthy sexuality and sex life.
Education about biological aspects of sexual practice
This means things like accurate words for body parts, science and fact-based explanations of how bodies can or do function not just around sexual reproduction, but also around sex itself and the debunking of mythologies about bodies, sexuality and reproduction.
An understanding of safety
It’s vital to know about safer sex, preventing or reducing the risk of injury, illness and other harm, and how to explore sex and sexuality in ways which are known and shown as most likely to be physically and emotionally safe.
Relationship skills.
Part of everyone’s sexuality involves interpersonal relationships, whether that’s about sexual relationships expressly, or any relationship in which someone’s sexuality may be addressed. Learning what is and is not healthy in all relationships – including family relationships, friendships, interactions with healthcare providers or people outside those spheres – is a big part of learning what is healthy in sexual relationships.
Agency
Sexual agency is about having and being afforded ownership of one’s body and sexuality, not being externally controlled by others. This includes freedom from unwanted sexual activity and sexual coercion. Agency also means that we’re the owners of our own actions and choices. With real agency, we are both held accountable and responsible for them and are allowed the liberty of having ownership for the choices we make.
Lifelong learning.
Being curious about sexuality and wanting to explore it needs to be understood and presented as healthy and acceptable. Exploring sexuality in healthy ways is also learning about sexuality, and that learning, and feeling open to always learn more, is part of our sexual well-being throughout all of life
resilience
Sometimes sex can suck, doesn’t meet our expectations or things happen to us or by us sexually which are painful or traumatic. In order to be as healthy as we can, we need resilience so that we can deal with and/or heal from disappointment, embarrassment, harm or trauma, rather than being unable to recover or move forward in our lives and sexualities.
open communication
Healthy sexuality doesn’t and can’t often happen in a culture or environment of silence. Talking about sex and sexuality openly and honestly is part of developing healthy sexuality and healthy sexual development, both with peers and and with parents, guardians and other adults, and also part of reducing the risk of sexual harms or negative outcomes
Self-acceptance
Part of sexual well-being is accepting who we are, uniquely, and feeling accepted in who we are, even if and when our sexuality, sexual identity, embodiment or the ways we are sexual does not conform to someone else’s ideas of what our sexualities should be or what our bodies should feel, look or function like
Awareness and acceptance that sex can be pleasurable
Sex isn’t just about making babies, something people only do because someone else wants or expects them to or something to exchange in order to get something else. It’s also about pleasure. In fact, when sex (of any kind, including masturbation) is truly wanted and consensual and when it occurs in healthy social contexts where everyone involved has agency, it’s most often mostly about pleasure. Seeking or experiencing sexual pleasure isn’t something to be ashamed of or embarrassed about: it can be a healthy, happy part of life.
Understanding of parental and societal values
Whether we wind up agreeing with them or not, it’s important we understand the values and ethics of our world and our closest communities, including those within our families. When we are aware of and understand those well, we can inform our choices with them and also work out what our own values are, whether they’re the same or different from the values of our parents or our culture
Awareness of public/private boundaries
healthy sexuality involves boundaries, including boundaries between public and private expressions of sexuality, even though all people don’t have the same boundaries. As well, how we present our sexuality and put it into action often is different when it’s public and when it’s private, both in our individual experiences and when it comes to how we are treated by others. To make sound choices about sexual behavior and expression, choices which include keeping ourselves and others safe, we need to be aware of the differences between what’s public and what’s private.
Competence in mediated sexuality
veryone knows that there is (as there always has been) sex and sexuality in all kinds of media. The media is a big presence in our world, especially over the last couple decades, so it’s important that we learn how to make sense of and ask questions about what we see, hear or read in it so that we can have a sense of its impact on us and others and know the difference between what the media shows us and how it presents it and how different sexuality can be and often is in real life.
