Study / Experiment Attributes

Question 1

A research design is a plan for what?

Answer 1

For selecting and measuring the independent and dependent variables in order to answer research questions

Question 2

Experimental Studies: those in which researchers ______ one of more factors that they will ________ during the experiment.

Answer 2

identify; manipulate or control

Question 3

Nonexperiment Studies: those in which researches _______ existing conditions or differences without _______ them.

Answer 3

investigate; manipulating

Question 4

Longitudinal Design/Research

Answer 4

an individual or group is followed for some amount of time (days or years)

Question 5

Investigational Design aka “the natural experiment”

Answer 5

does not have any independent variables that are manipulated; one just observes what naturally happens.
Ex: survery of knowledge by SLP’s in area of ACC devices

Question 6

Quasi experimental Design

Answer 6

involves the manipulation of at least one independent variable
ex: relationship of use of AAC devices in classrooms by children with cerebral palsy w/ educational advancement to grade level

Question 7

continuous vs. categorical variables

Answer 7

Continuous variables=continuum of magnitude; ex: hearing loss in dB, MLU

categorical variables= no continuum– types of observations cannot be combined or scaled ; ex: measurement may be frequency counts within types of categories (nominal data)

Question 8

What are advantages of single subject designs?

Answer 8

• close examination for individual differences
• a real subject will be described in data

*single subject designs does not necessarily mean one subject; can be a group

Question 9

What are advantages of group designs?

Answer 9

• substantial number of statistical tools for assessing reliability of observations
• responses and existance of statistical controls over order, sequence and influence of independent variables.

Question 10

single group design vs. group design

Answer 10

single group design : typical of individual & no assumptions of uniformity :: group design : typical of a group & assumption of uniformity

Question 11

ex post facto design

Answer 11

(single or group) restrospective, but historical variables compared to finding effect of an independent variable

Question 12

experimental design

Answer 12

involves the manipulation of at least one variable and the random assignment of subjects to groups

Question 13

time series design

Answer 13

(single or group) A-B design (no treatment)

Question 14

counterbalanced design

Answer 14

(group only) equal proportions of independent variables

Question 15

randomized control trials

Answer 15

(group only) random assignment of subjects to groups; one group has placebo or conventional treatment & one or more groups have experimental treatment; blinded or double blinded

Question 16

factorial design

Answer 16

(group only) subject organized in groups by independent variables; may have factors nested under factors

Question 17

between subjects

Answer 17

(group only) measuring for a difference between 2 or more groups of subjects

Question 18

within subjects

Answer 18

measuring whether a difference has occurred in one group over time (time series)

Question 19

prospective vs. retrospective research

Answer 19

prospective: quetions formed before data collection:: retrospective: data existed before research

Question 20

selection variables vs. treatment variables

Answer 20

selection: cannot be manipulated :: treatment: can be manipulated