study exam

Question 1

Glass Ceiling Definition, example, significance

Answer 1

invisible barrier that hinders the advancement of certain groups, like women or minorities. Ex: women who want to advance in the work field can’t. Significant: it shows the unfair limitations faced by certain groups.

Question 2

Wage gap Definition, example, significance

Answer 2

Def: difference in pay between men and women for the same work EX: 80 cents for every dollar a man makes SIG: reveals gender inequality in the work place

Question 3

ilooklikeanengineer definition, example, significance

Answer 3

Def: a social campaign that challenges the stereotypes about who can be an engineer. Ex: it features a diverse group of engineers. Sig: promoting diversity and representation in STEM fields.

Question 4

the politics of housework definition, example, significance

Answer 4

Def: unequal distribution of household chores and responsibilities based on gender roles: Ex: a women is supposed to take care of the children while men mow the lawn. Sig: exposing and addressing gender inequalities in household work

Question 5

second shift definition, example, significance

Answer 5

Def: is talking about the additional domestic and caregiving responsibilities. Ex: a women returning from her job to cook dinner or clean the house. Sig: it highlights the gender disparities in both the workplace and household.

Question 6

productive work definition, example, significance

Answer 6

Def: work activities that contribute to the economy
Ex: working at a bank or any job that is paid
Sig: productive work supports the economy with cashflow, and most of these paid jobs are held by men.

Question 7

non-productive work definition, example, significance

Answer 7

Def: refers to activities that do not contribute to the economy
Ex: caregivers, household chores, volunteering, things in that category
sig: it supports the well-being of communities as well as promoting personal fulfillment.

Question 8

“the price of motherhood” definition, example, significance

Answer 8

Def: means the economic and social cost that mothers face
ex: women experiencing lower wages or barriers to career advancement due to taking time off to raise children.
sig: shows the gender inequalities that are in being caregivers and advocating for policies to support mothers

Question 9

feminization of poverty definition, example, significance

Answer 9

Def: to the disproportionate representation of women among the world’s poorest individuals or households.
ex: single mothers struggling to make ends meet on low wages.
sig: exposing the intersection of gender and poverty.

Question 10

globalization definition, example, significance

Answer 10

Def: process of increasing interconnectedness and integration among countries
ex: multinational corporations expanding their operations to new markets
sig: it shapes the modern world by accelerating economic growth.

Question 11

global inequalities definition, example, significance

Answer 11

Def: the disparities in wealth, income, and access to resources.
ex: unequal distribution of wealth within societies.
sig: it shows the systemic unfairness withing the world that we live in today.

Question 12

‘maid trade’ definition, example, significance

Answer 12

Def: domestic workers (like maids) are recruitedfrom poorer countries (like Indonesia) to work in wealthier countries (like Hong Kong)
ex: nannies are hired in developed countries
sig: promotes the unfairness and unequal power dynamics and shows that there needs to be change done to protect and advocate to ensure fair treatment for domestic workers worldwide

Question 13

structural adjustment definition, example, significance

Answer 13

Definition: Policies imposed by financial institutions that affect marginalized groups, which makes gender inequalities worse

Example: .Some structural adjustments in government programs have led to cuts in social services like healthcare, which can hurt women who rely on these services.

Significance: Economic policies can affect gender disparities and deepen inequalities.

Question 14

sweatshops definition, example, significance

Answer 14

Def: workplaces where workers, often in developing countries, endure poor conditions and low wages.
ex: Garment factories with unsafe buildings and long hours.
sig: They raise concerns about labor rights, exploitation, and global economic inequality.

Question 15

beauty culture definition, example, significance

Answer 15

Def: refers to the societal norms, practices, and industries surrounding beauty and appearance.
ex: Makeup, fashion, and cosmetic surgery industries.
sig: It shapes perceptions of attractiveness, influences self-esteem, and can perpetuate unrealistic beauty standards.

Question 16

the social construction of beauty definition, example, significance

Answer 16

Def: the idea that beauty standards are created and reinforced by society rather than being inherent or universal.
ex: Cultural preferences for certain body types or features over others
sig: it emphasizes how beauty ideals can vary across cultures and time periods, impacting individuals’ self-perception and societal norms.

Question 17

killing us softly definition, example, significance

Answer 17

Def: refers to the harmful impact of media representations, especially advertising, on women’s self-esteem and body image.
ex: Advertising promoting unrealistic beauty standards that can lead to body dissatisfaction.
sig: It highlights how media can contribute to low self-esteem, eating disorders, and other mental health issues among women.

Question 18

“tough guise” definition, example, significance

Answer 18

Def: refers to the societal expectation for men to present a tough, aggressive exterior to prove their masculinity.
ex: Boys feeling pressured to hide vulnerability and show aggression to fit in.
sig: It reinforces harmful gender stereotypes and can lead to unhealthy behaviors and attitudes.

Question 19

violent masculinity definition, example, significance

Answer 19

Def: refers to the association of aggression and dominance with traditional male identity.
ex: ulturally glorifying toughness and physical strength in men.
sig: It perpetuates harmful gender stereotypes and contributes to violence against both men and women.

Question 20

the “wussification” of America definition, example, significance

Answer 20

Def: refers to a perceived weakening of American society, often attributed to increased sensitivity or overprotection.
Ex: Criticizing participation trophies for children as promoting a sense of entitlement.
Sig: It reflects debates about changing cultural norms and values regarding resilience, toughness, and emotional expression.

Question 21

gender-based violence definition, example, significance

Answer 21

Def: refers to harmful acts committed against individuals based on their gender.
Ex: Domestic violence targeting women because of their gender.
Sig: It reflects and reinforces unequal power dynamics between genders, impacting physical, mental, and emotional well-being

Question 22

rape culture definition, example, significance

Answer 22

Def: s a society where sexual violence is normalized or excused.
Ex: blaming the victim for what they were wearing instead of holding the perpetrator accountable.
Sig: It perpetuates attitudes and behaviors that tolerate and condone sexual assault, making it harder for survivors to seek justice and heal.

Question 23

health and medicine as gendered definition, example, significance

Answer 23

Def: refers to how gender influences healthcare access, treatment, and outcomes.
Ex: Women being under-diagnosed for heart disease due to symptoms being seen as “male.”
Sig: it emphasizes the need to address gender biases in healthcare to ensure equitable treatment and health outcomes for all genders.

Question 23

intersectionality and sexual assault definition, example, significance

Answer 23

Def: examines how different forms of identity (like race, gender, and class) intersect to shape experiences of oppression and privilege.
Ex: Understanding how race and gender can influence the response to sexual assault allegations.
Sig: highlights the complex ways various identities intersect to impact experiences of sexual assault and access to justice.

Question 24

androcentrism definition, example, significance

Answer 24

Def: is the belief that male perspectives, experiences, and values are central in society.
Ex: When history mainly focuses on men’s achievements and ignores women’s contributions.
Sig: When history mainly focuses on men’s achievements and ignores women’s contributions.

Question 25

“if men could menstruate” definition, example, significance

Answer 25

Def: is an essay by Gloria Steinem imagining a world where men menstruate.
Ex: It humorously illustrates how menstruation would be valued if it were experienced by men.
Sig: t highlights gender inequality and challenges stereotypes about menstruation.

Question 26

reproductive choice definition, example, significance

Answer 26

Def: the freedom to make decisions about reproduction without coercion or interference.
Ex: Choosing to use contraception or have an abortion.
Sig: it empowers individuals to control their reproductive lives and make choices aligned with their values and circumstances.

Question 27

reproductive rights definition, example, significance

Answer 27

Def: the rights to make decisions about one’s own reproductive health and whether to have children.
Ex: Access to contraception, abortion, and fertility treatments.
Sig: They empower individuals to control their bodies and futures.

Question 28

roe vs wade definition, example, significance

Answer 28

Def: a landmark US Supreme Court case that legalized abortion nationwide in 1973.
Ex: Jane Roe sued Texas for denying her the right to terminate her pregnancy.
Sig: It established a woman’s right to choose abortion, impacting reproductive rights in the US.

Question 29

sterilization abuse definition, example, significance

Answer 29

Def: When someone is sterilized without their full consent.
Ex: A woman is sterilized during childbirth without being informed.
Sig: It violates human rights and reproductive autonomy.

Question 30

buck vs bell definition, example, significance

Answer 30

Def: Landmark Supreme Court case that upheld forced sterilization laws, allowing the state to sterilize individuals deemed “unfit” without their consent.

Ex: Carrie Buck, a young woman with a low IQ, was forcibly sterilized under this ruling.

Sig: Highlights the dark history of violation of human rights, particularly targeting marginalized groups based on gender, race, and disability.

Question 31

“feeble-minded” definition, example, significance

Answer 31

Def: limited intellectual abilities

Ex: Buck was labeled as feeble minded, and therefore she was committed to an institution for feeble-minded people

Sig: Portrayed harmful stereotypes about women and limited their ability to make their own choices.

Question 32

“the case of the deaf lesbians” definition, example, significance

Answer 32

Def: A legal case where a lesbian couple sued a sperm bank for using a donor’s sperm that carried a genetic deafness trait without their knowledge.

Ex: The couple argued that they should have been informed of the genetic risk before selecting the sperm.

Sig: Raises ethical questions about informed consent, reproductive rights, and the intersectionality of gender and disability within the context of assisted reproductive technologies.

Question 33

the future of feminism definition, example, significance

Answer 33

Def: advancing gender equality and addressing new challenges faced by women and marginalized genders.

Ex: involves intersectional approaches that consider how race, class, sexuality, and other identities intersect with gender.

Sig: Ensures inclusivity and relevance in addressing current gender issues and achieving true equality for all.