Study Designs Flashcards
What is analytical epidemiology?
Comparison of one population with another group.
What are the 2 main types of epidemiological study design?
- Observational studies
2. Experimental studies
Name a type of experimental study.
Randomised control trials
Name a type of non-analytical study.
Cross-sectional surveys
Name 2 types of analytical study designs.
- cohort studies
- case control studies
What is the difference between ‘risk’, ‘rate’ and ‘odds’?
- Risk = proportion dead at end of time period (no of dead Ps/total no of Ps)
- Rate = incidence of death during time period (no of dead Ps/person-years).
- Odds = dead vs alive.
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
- Incidence = rate of new cases of disease.
- Prevalence = incidence x duration of disease.
Which study design would you use to determine disease prevalence?
Cross-sectional survey
What can cohort studies and case-control studies be analysed with?
Cohort studies:
- risk ratio
- incidence ratio
- odds ratio
Case-control studies:
- odds ratio
What are the advantages of case-control study over cohort?
Case-control:
- Much faster & cheaper
- Better to investigate rare diseases
What are the advantages of cohort study over case-control study?
- Easier to analyse
2. Better for rare exposure
