Study design Flashcards
Which of these study designs are analytic?
A. Cohort studies
B. Case-control studies
C. Ecological studies
A, B.
If the hypothesis of a study is that people who exercise are less likely to be depressed but there is a counter-argument that depressed people are less likely to exercise, what is thus phenomenon?
A. Confounding
B. Ecological fallacy
C. Reverse causality
C.
When testing the hypothesis that people who exercise are less likely to get depressed, this association could be due to other differences in the lives of the exposed and unexposed groups, what is this phenomenon?
A. Ecological fallacy
B. Confounding
C. Reverse causality
B.
Which are intervention studies? A. Cohort studies B. Preventive trials C. Clinical trials D. Randomised control trials
B, C, D.
What is a “double blind” study?
A. Participants are blindfolded
B. Participants and investigators are unaware if the participant is in the treatment or placebo group.
B.
High “loss to follow up” is a for, of what bias?
A. Selection bias
B. Measurement bias
A.
In crossover studies…
A. Groups are truly exchangeable in genetics and factors that don’t change over time
B. Require less participants for the same accuracy as a parallel design
C. Can only be used for interventions that have a rapid effect that wanes quickly
D. All of the above
D.
How many participants are in an n-of-1 study?
A. 100
B. 10
C. 1
C.
What is the disadvantage of a pre-post study?
A. Recall bias
B. Assumes the only or most important change over time was the intervention being studied
C. Huge loss to follow-up
B.
When outcome precedes exposure what is this phenomenon?
A. Ecological fallacy
B. Misclassification
C. Reverse causality
C.
If subjects are wrongly typified according to their exposure, what is this error called?
A. Misclassification
B. Misunderstanding
C. Under-reporting
A.
