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1
Q

At or below what altitude must radar separation be applied to all RNAV aircraft on a random route?

A

FL450

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2
Q

When may radar separation be applied?

A
  1. Radar identified aircraft
  2. A radar identified aircraft and a departure that will be radar identified within 1 mile of the takeoff runway end
  3. An identified aircraft and one not identified when either aircraft is cleared to climb/descend through the other (with restrictions such as all primaries are displayed)
  4. A radar identified aircraft and one going from non-radar to radar
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3
Q

What data block types are not eligible to be used in separation (radar or non-radar)?

A

Coast

Frozen

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4
Q

Do you apply separation between the center or perimeter or digitized targets?

A

Center

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5
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum at or above FL600?

A

10 miles

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6
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum below FL600?

A

5 miles

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7
Q

Below what altitude may 3 NM separation be used in applicable areas?

A

FL230

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8
Q

What are the separation minima for aircraft operating behind an A388 or An225?

A

5 miles

8 miles – when A388/An225 is operating at or below 250 KIAS and below FL240

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9
Q

What is the minimum in-trails spacing behind an A388/An225 when transitioning from en route to terminal airspace?

When does this spacing have to exist by?

A

8 miles

By the time the lead aircraft crossed the boundary/TCP.

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10
Q

What is the wake turbulence separation for a heavy behind a heavy?

A

4 miles

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11
Q

What is the wake turbulence separation for a large/heavy behind a B757?

A

4 miles

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12
Q

What is the wake turbulence separation for a small behind a B757?

A

5 miles

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13
Q

What is the wake turbulence separation for small/large behind a heavy?

A

5 miles

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14
Q

How are formation flights controlled?

A

As a single flight

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15
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum for a standard formation flight from other aircraft?

A

Add 1 mile to the applicable minimum

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16
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum for separating two standard formation flights from each other?

A

Add 2 miles to the applicable minimum

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17
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum for a nonstandard formation flight from other aircraft?

A

Apply the applicable minimum to the perimeter of the encompassing airspace or outermost aircraft

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18
Q

Under what conditions may the Mode C altitude readout not be used to effect vertical separation?

A

Cruise clearance

Contact approach

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19
Q

Under what conditions must you wait to assign an altitude to an aircraft until the aircraft previously at that altitude is passing through an altitude already separated from the new altitude being assigned?

A
  1. Severe turbulence is reported
  2. Aircraft are conducting military aerial refueling
  3. Aircraft previously at that altitude has been issued a climb/descent at pilot’s discretion
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20
Q

When can vertical separation be discontinued between aircraft on opposite courses?

A
  1. You have comms with both aircraft
  2. Advise one aircraft about the other’s position, direction, and type
  3. One pilot reports seeing and passing the other
  4. The radar targets have passed each other
  5. Pilots are advised if either aircraft is a B757, Heavy or Super
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21
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum for aircraft from obstructions?

A

5 miles

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22
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum below FL600 between an aircraft and adjacent radar controlled airspace?

A
  1. 5 miles

1. 5 miles in applicable areas

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23
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum below FL600 between an aircraft and adjacent nonradar controlled airspace?

A

5 miles

3 miles in applicable areas

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24
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum FL600 and above between an aircraft and adjacent radar controlled airspace?

A

5 miles

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25
Q

What is the lateral separation minimum FL600 and above between an aircraft and adjacent nonradar controlled airspace?

26
Q

What separation is used between an aircraft and a temporary stationary airspace reservation?

A

Lateral - no overlap of protected airspace

Vertical - above or below the geographical area and a buffer of half the applicable lateral minimum

27
Q

What separation is used between an aircraft and a temporary moving airspace reservation?

A

Lateral - no overlap of protected airspace and time dependent area of reserved airspace

Longitudinal - ahead/behind the first/last aircraft operating in the reservation using the applicable minimum

Vertical - above or below the time dependent area and a buffer of half the applicable lateral minimum

28
Q

What does ATC do if a pilot refuses to accept a clearance to avoid a reservation?

A
  1. Inform the pilot of the hazard
  2. Advise the pilot that services will not be provided while in the reservation
  3. Inform the reservation using agency
29
Q

What are the separation standards for radar-controlled aircraft climbing/descending through the altitude of aircraft that has been tracked to the edge of the scope?

A

Below FL600 - 5 miles

FL600 and above - 10 miles

30
Q

What are the lateral separation standards for an aircraft from SUA or ATCAA?

A

Below FL600 - 3 miles

FL600 and above - 6 miles

31
Q

What are the vertical separation standards for an aircraft from SUA or ATCAA?

A

FL290 and below - 500 ft.

Above FL290 - 1,000 ft.

32
Q

What is the ATC Duty Priority?

A

Give first priority to issuing safety alerts and separating traffic. Perform the action most critical from safety standpoint first.

33
Q

When should a safety alert be issued?

A

When ATC is aware of an aircraft that, in their judgment, is in a position/altitude that places it in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft

34
Q

When can ATC discontinue issuing safety alerts to an aircraft?

A

When the pilot informs ATC that action is being taken to resolve the unsafe situation

35
Q

What is the phraseology for an E-MSAW alert?

A

“LOW ALTITUDE ALERT (call sign), CHECK YOUR ALTITUDE IMMEDIATELY. THE (MEA/MVA/MOCA/MIA) IN YOUR AREA IS (altitude).”

36
Q

What keyboard command may be used to suppress the display of an E-MSAW alert?

IFR aircraft only

A

Specific alert: CO *S FLID

Indefinite suppress: CO I* FLID

37
Q

When may a controller suppress the display of an E-MSAW alert?

A

When appropriate action has or will be taken to resolve the situation

38
Q

What commands are used to suppress/restore E-MSAW alerts for VFR aircraft?

A

Suppress: *VF

Restore: *VO

39
Q

What is the phraseology for a traffic alert?

A

TRAFFIC ALERT (call sign) (position of traffic), ADVISE YOU (action) IMMEDIATELY.

40
Q

What should a controller do if they have a conflict alert that involves another controller?

A

Initiate coordination to ensure an effective course of action. If immediate action is necessary to preserve safety, initiate action then coordinate.

41
Q

What does the suppression of a conflict alert indicate?

A

Controller acknowledgement and that an appropriate action has been or will be taken

42
Q

When can the conflict suppression (CO) command be used?

A

Between specific aircraft for a specific alert

43
Q

When can the group suppression (SG) command be used?

A

ONLY for military aircraft operating under MARSA

44
Q

What is TCAS?

A

Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System

TCAS-I generates traffic advisories only
TCAS-II generates traffic advisories and resolution in the vertical plane

45
Q

True or false: aircraft responding to an RA must be issued alternative control instructions

A

False. Do NOT issue control instructions contrary to the RA being executed

46
Q

True or false: ATC must not assume that nearby aircraft are aware of or involved in the RA

A

True. Continue to provide control instructions to all other aircraft.

47
Q

While control instructions are not provided for concerned aircraft, what is still provided?

A

Safety alerts and traffic advisories

48
Q

Is the controller responsible for any separation while an aircraft is executive an RA maneuver?

A

Controller is NOT responsible for providing standard separation from

  • Aircraft
  • Airspace
  • Terrain
  • Obstructions
49
Q

When does the controller resume responsibility for standard separation responsibility for an aircraft responding to an RA?

A
  • Responding aircraft returns to its assigned altitude
  • Crew member informs that TCAS maneuver is completed and the controller observes separation is reestablished
  • Responding aircraft has executed an alternate clearance and controller observes separation is reestablished
50
Q

What is VFR-on-top?

A

ATC authorization for an IFR aircraft to operate in VFR conditions at any appropriate VFR altitude

51
Q

When may ATC clear an aircraft to maintain VFR-on-top?

A

If the pilot of an aircraft of an IFR flight plan requests the clearance

52
Q

What is the pilot responsible for after they have been cleared to maintain VFR-on-top?

A
  • fly at an appropriate VFR altitude
  • comply with VFR visibility and cloud clearance criteria
  • be vigilant, in order to see and avoid
  • comply with IFR rules applicable to the flight
53
Q

What separation and alerts does ATC still provide VFR-on-top aircraft?

A
  • IFR separation is NOT applied

- Traffic advisories and safety alerts are still given

54
Q

Under what conditions, may ATC clear an aircraft to climb through visibility obstructions?

A
  • the pilot requests the clearance
  • you inform the pilot of the reported height of the tops or that no tops are available
  • alternative clearance is issued to ensure separation from all other traffic
55
Q

After an aircraft climbs through a visibility obstruction and reports reaching VFR-on-top, what must ATC do?

A

Reclear the aircraft to maintain VFR-on-top

56
Q

What is the phraseology for a climb to VFR-on-top clearance?

A

CLIMB TO AND REPORT REACHING VFR-ON-TOP. TOPS REPORTED (altitude). IF NOT ON TOP AT (altitude), MAINTAIN (altitude) and ADVISE.

Or

NO TOPS REPORTED

57
Q

When must ATC validate an aircraft’s mode C?

A
  • Accepting an inter facility
  • Initial track start
  • Track start from coast/suspend tabular list
  • Missing, unreasonable or exceptional vertical rate Mode C readouts
58
Q

When can ATC consider a Mode C readout valid?

A
  • varies less than 300 feet from pilot reported altitude
  • continuous readout from aircraft on airport that varies less than 300 feet from field elevation
  • exact correlation on verbal coordination with another facility
59
Q

What does ATC do for an invalid Mode C readout below FL180?

A

Issue altimeter and request pilot confirm altitude. If still invalid, stop altitude squawk and inform aircraft how much the altitude differs by.

Notify sup

60
Q

In the enroute environment, at what altitudes can visual separation be used?

A

Up to, but not including, FL180

61
Q

Under what conditions can en route controllers use visual separation?

A
  • direct comms with one aircraft and ability to communicate with the other
  • pilot sees other aircraft and is told to maintain visual and whether the other aircraft is a heavy/super and the targets appear likely to converge

Radar Separation (1 decks)

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