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AWS CLF-C01 > Study Cards > Flashcards

Study Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Instance Families

Name EC2 instance families

(Hint: There are 5)

A
  1. General purpose
  2. Compute optimised
  3. Memory optimised
  4. Accelerated computing
  5. Storage optimised
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2
Q

Instance Families

General Purpose Instances

Key features and example usage

A

Key features:

  • Balanced compute, networking and memory resources
  • Can be used with a variety of workloads, for example:
    • Application servers
    • Small and medium dbs
    • Backend servers for enterprise applications

Example usage:
Ideal when an application doesn’t require optimisation in a single resource area

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3
Q

Instance Families

Compute Optimized Instances

Key features and example usage

A

Key features:
* Ideal for applications requiring high-performance processors
* Can be used for workloads Fuchs as web, application and gaming servers
* Can be used for batch processing workloads required processing many transactions in a single group

Example usage:
Ideal for high-performance web servers, compute-intensive applications servers and dedicated gaming servers

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4
Q

Instance Families

Memory Optimized Instances

Key features and example usage

A

Key features:
* Designed to deliver fast performance for workloads processing large datasets in memory
* Can run workloads with high memory needs

Example usage:
Ideal for a high-performance database or a workload that involved performing real-time processing of a large amount of unstructured data

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5
Q

Instance Families

Accelerated Computing Instances

Key features and example usage

A

Key features:
* Uses hardware accelerators, or coprocessors to perform some functions
* A hardware accelerator is a component that can expedite data processing
* Can be more efficient that performing some functions on CPUs

Example usage:
Ideal for workloads such as graphics applications, game streaming and application streaming

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6
Q

Instance Families

Storage Optimized Instances

Key features and example usage

A

Key features:
* Designed for workloads that require high, sequential read and write access to large datasets on local storage

Example usage:
Ideal for workloads such as distributed file systems, data warehousing applications and high-frequency online transaction processing (OLTP) systems

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7
Q

Instance Families

What is IOPS (input/output operations per second)?

What is the best instance family type for an high IOPS app?

A

What is it?
* IOPS is a metric that measures the performance of a storage device
* Indicates how many different input or output operations a device can perform

Which instance family is better suited?
Storage Optimised instance are designed to handle high IOPS requirements

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8
Q

Pricing

Name the Amazon EC2 pricing models

(Hint: There are 5)

A
  1. On-Demand Instances
  2. Amazon EC Savings Plans
  3. Reserved Instances
  4. Spot Instances
  5. Dedicated Hosts
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9
Q

Pricing

On-Demand Instances

Key features

A
  • No upfront costs
  • No minimum contracts
  • Only pay for the compute time used
  • Ideal for short-term (less than 1 year), irregular workloads
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10
Q

Pricing

Amazon EC2 Savings Plans

Key features

A
  • 1-year or 3-year terms with commitment to a given compute amount
  • Potential savings of up to 72% vs On-Demand Instances
  • Usage over committed compute amount charged at On-Demand rate
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11
Q

Pricing

Reserved Instances

Key features

(Hint: there are multiple types of Reserved Instances)

A
  • A billing discount applied to use of On-Demand Instances
  • Multiple types with varying terms:
    • Standard Reserved (1-year or 3-year)
    • Convertible Reserved (1-year or 3-year)
    • Scheduled Reserved (1-year)
  • Service won’t be interrupted at the end of the term, will be switched to On-Demand rates until the instance is terminated or a new one is purchased
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12
Q

Pricing

Spot Instances

Key features

A
  • Uses unused Amazon EC2 capacity as and when it is available
  • Ideal for workloads with flexible start and end times, or that can handle interruptions
  • Cost savings of up to 90% vs On-Demand Instances
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13
Q

Pricing

Dedicated Hosts

Key features

A
  • Physical servers with Amazon EC2 instance capacity
  • Fully dedicated to your use
  • Can use your own per-socket, per-core or per-c/m licenses to help maintain license compliance
  • Most expensive Amazon EC2 option
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14
Q

Scalability

What is scalability?

A
  • An architecture design allowing you to begin with only the resources you need and automatically scale in or out to respond to changing demand
  • Pay only for the resources you use
  • Always have enough capacity to meet customer needs
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15
Q

Scalability

What is the purpose of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

A

It automatically handles horizontal scaling, adding or removing Amazon EC2 Instances in response to changing application demand

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16
Q

Scalability

Name two approaches to Amazon EC2 Auto Sclaing

A
  1. Dynamic Scaling: Responds to changing demand
  2. Predictive Scaling: Automatically schedules the right number of EC2 instances based on predicted demand
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17
Q

Scalability

Scaling Up (Vertically) vs Scaling Out (Horizontally)

A
  • Scaling Up: Adding more power to the machines that are running
  • Scaling Out: Adding more resources to handle more traffic, for example more EC2 Instances
    • Helps elasticity of the system
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18
Q

Scalability

What is an AWS Auto Scaling Group?

A

An Auto Scaling group contains a collection of EC2 instances that are treated as a logical grouping for the purposes of automatic scaling and management

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19
Q

Scalability

What are the main properties of an AWS Auto Scaling Group

(Hint: there are 3)

A
  1. Minimum Capacity: The number of Amazon EC2 Instances that launch upon creation of the Auto Scaling Group
  2. Desired Capacity: If not specified it defaults to the minimum capacity
  3. Maximum Capacity: You may configure to scale out in response to increased demand, but only to your max EC2 Instance capacity
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20
Q

Messaging and Queing

What is Elastic Load Balancing?

A

The Elastic Load Balancing service handles all incoming traffic requests and distributes them between resources, such as Amazon EC2 Instances

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21
Q

Messaging and Queing

Name 3 features of Elastic Load Balancing

A
  • Runs at a regional level, not at an individual EC2 Instance
  • Acts as a single point of contact for all incoming traffic
  • Automatically scalable
22
Q

Messaging and Queing

What is Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS)

A

SQS allows you to send, store and receive messages at any volume, between software components

23
Q

Messaging and Queing

What is Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS)

A

SNS is a publish / subscrive service where publishers publish messages to subscribers.

Subscibers can include web servers, email addresses and AWS Lambda functions

24
Q

Tightly-Coupled vs Loosely-Coupled Architecture

Handling failures

A
  • In a Tightly-coupled architecture, failure in a single component could cause cascading failures throughout
  • Loosely-coupled architecture prevents the entire application from failing if a single component fails
25
Q

Name 2 services that assist with creating a loosely-coupled architecture

A
  1. Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS)
  2. Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS)
26
Q

Compute Services

What is a container?

Serverless Computing

A
  • A container is a package for your code - Code and dependencies are packaged into a single object
  • In AWS this is typically a Docker container
27
Q

Compute Services

What are Container Orchestration Services?

Serverless Computing

A

Container orchestration services help you to deploy, manager and scale containerized applications

28
Q

Compute Services

Name Container Orchestrations Services offered by AWS

Serverless Computing

(Hint: there are 2)

A
  1. Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)
  2. Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)
29
Q

Compute Services

Name the main features of AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda

(Hint: We are expecting 3)

A
  1. AWS Lambda is a serverless computing service
  2. Allows you to run code without provisioning or managing servers
  3. Only pay for compute time used - Charged only when your code is running
30
Q

Compute Services

When is AWS Lambda code run?

AWS Lambda

A

AWS Lambda code is set to trigger from an event source, the code will only run when the specific trigger event is recorded.

31
Q

Compute Services

Features of Amazon Elastic Container Service

Amazon ECS

(Hint: There are 4)

A
  1. Highly scalable, high-performance container management system
  2. Enables you to run and sclae containerized applications on AWS
  3. Supports Docker containers
  4. Can use API Calls to launch and stop Docker-enabled applications
32
Q

Compute Services

What is the Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service?

Amazon EKS

A

A fully managed service that you can use to run Kubernetes on AWS

33
Q

Compute Services

What is AWS Fargate?

A
  • AWS is a serverless compute engine for containers
  • Works with both Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS
  • Do not need to provision or manager servers
34
Q

When should you use Amazon EC2?

A
  • You want to host traditional applications
  • You want full access to the Operating System (OS)
35
Q

When should you use AWS Lambdas?

A
  • When you want to host short-running applications
  • When you want server or event-driven applications
  • When you don’t want to be responsible for provisioning or management of servers
36
Q

What are Regions?

A

Geographically isolated areas, containing multiple availability zones, where you can access services for running your enterprise

37
Q

What factors should be considered when choosing a Region?

A
  1. Compliance - with data governance and legal requirements
  2. Proximity - to your customers
  3. Pricing
38
Q

What is an Availability Zone?

A

One or more data centers, located tens of miles apart within a Region.

Close enough proximity for low latency between AZs, but spaced apart with enough distance to reduce the chance of disasters affecting multiple AZs

39
Q

What are Edge Locations?

A

They run Amazon CloudFront to help keep content closer to customers no matter where they are in the world by storing cached copies of content

40
Q

How can I interact with AWS?

A
  • Via the AWS Management Console - a web UI
  • Via the AWS Command Line (CLI) - Make API requests directly from the command line
  • Via Software Development Kits (SDKs) - APIs designed for a range of programming languages
41
Q

What is Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?

A
  • Allows you to establish boundaries around your AWS resources
  • Holds resources in a private network organised into Subnets
42
Q

To grant PUBLIC traffic access to a VPC, what should you use?

A

Attach an Internet Gateway

43
Q

To grant PRIVATE traffic access to a VPC, what should you use?

A

Attach a Virtual Private Gateway, this will only allow traffic from an approved network

44
Q

What is a Subnet?

Definition and Key Facts

A

Definition: A section of a VPC containing resources such as EC2 Instances

Key Facts:
* Allow control of traffic through gateways
* PUBLIC Subnets contain resources accessible to public traffic
* PRIVATE Subnets contain resources that should only be accessible to traffic on your private network
* Subnets can communicate with each other

45
Q

What is AWS Direct Connect?

A

Enables you to create a dedicated private connection between your data center and VPC

46
Q

What are Network Access Control Lists (ACLs)?

Definition and Key Facts

A

Definition: A virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic at SUBNET LEVEL

Key Facts:
* Does not check Instances within a Subnet
* Each AWS account includes a default ACL, when creating a VPC you can use the default or create custom ACLs
* The default ACL allows ALL inbound and outbound traffic
* Performs STATELESS packet filtering

47
Q

Considering Network ACLs, what is Stateless packet filtering?

A

ALL inbound and outbound traffic is checked, every time

48
Q

What are Security Groups?

Definition and Key Facts

A

Definition: A virtual firewall that controlls inbound and outbound traffic at the INSTANCE LEVEL

Key Facts:
* By default, denies all inbound traffic and allows all outbound traffic
* Performs STATEFUL packet filtering

49
Q

Considering Network ACLs, what is Stateful packet filtering?

A

The gate remembers previous decisions made for INBOUND packets

50
Q

What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?

A

A network that delivers edge content to users based on their geographic location

51
Q

What is a Domain Name System (DNS)?

A

A DNS translates human readable domain names to machine readable domain IP addresses

52
Q

What is Amazon Route 53?

A
  • It is a DNS Web Service
  • Highly available and highly scalable
  • Connects user requests to internet applications running on AWS or on-prem

AWS CLF-C01 (2 decks)

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