Study Cards Flashcards
1
Q
A parent would like to increase the amount of time that her child holds her hand in the community. The RBT discusses using a Partial Interval recording system. The BCBA agrees that this is the best option because the goal is to increase the behavior.
A
FALSE
2
Q
Which of the following is a criterion you can use to evaluate whether or not you have a good operation definition?
A
The definition is objective
3
Q
Which of the following is NOT a description often used for trend lines?
A
Wild trend
4
Q
If an RBT is taking data on the number of times the learner initiates interactions with friends over a 20 minute time period, the RBT is using what type of data collection?
A
Rate
5
Q
Which of the following behaviors is best measured by duration?
A
Tantrum behaviors
6
Q
In ABA, we primarily use pie charts to examine data.
A
FALSE
7
Q
Th interval recording system that tends to overestimate occurrences of behavior is called:
A
Partial Interval
8
Q
An RBT is taking data on the number if times that her learner raises his hand. This is an example of count collection data.
A
TRUE
9
Q
Behavior is influenced by the environment.
A
TRUE
10
Q
The primary purpose of graphed data is to show the relationship between treatment (independent variable) and target behavior (dependent variable).
A
TRUE
11
Q
A benefit of Momentary Time Sampling measurement system is that they do not require the data collector’s undivided attention for the entire interval.
A
TRUE
12
Q
If you are measuring a behavior that is continuous and lasts over a long period of time, rate would be a good choice of measurement.
A
FALSE
13
Q
If an RBT is measuring how long a leaner plays a game with a friend, the RBT is using what kind of data collection?
A
Duration
14
Q
If an RBT is interested in reducing the amount of time between saying “Let’s get ready to go home” and the learner packing up his backpack, a latency measure would be a good idea.
A
TRUE
15
Q
An RBT is taking data on how frequently her learner says the word “ball.” She records data immediately after each occurrence of the learner saying ball. This is an example of using direct measurement.
A
TRUE
16
Q
If a learner’s graph is consistently show data points at levels between 40-55%, you would say the behavior is occurring at a:
A
Moderate level
17
Q
An RBT is taking data on the learner’s toileting success. She notices that there is urine in the toilet that was not flushed but, she did not observe her learner use the toilet. She records that the learner successfully used the toilet on her data sheet. This is an example of using indirect measurement.
A
TRUE
18
Q
Percentage measurements are a good choice to use when you want to know how often a behavior is occurring.
A
FALSE
19
Q
Count, Rate, Duration & Latency are all examples of continuous data collection systems.
A
TRUE
20
Q
Measuring whether a behavior occurred for an entire interval refers to which type of interval recording system?
A
Whole interval
21
Q
In ABA we measure:
A
Behavior
22
Q
An advantage of Permanent Product Recording is that it is low effort and easy data to collect.
A
TRUE
23
Q
An RBT is recording the learner’s ability to silently read a book. She is taking 1-minute interval data and is recording a plus if the learner was silently reading the entire minute. This is an example of what type of data collection system?
A
Whole interval
24
Q
You should use partial interval recording when the goal is to increase a target behavior.
A
FALSE
25
Of the following options, which best describes behavior?
Anything observable and measurable
26
Your BCBA tells you that she is concerned that a learner's data for labeling family member s is on a decreasing trend. What does she mean?
Data are moving from a higher level to a lower level
27
When preparing to collect data, what do you need to know?
What to observe & what type of data to record
28
An RBT is working with a learner who has frequent allergy problems. When his allergies are acting up, he will usually sneeze. The RBT of parent will instruct him to "Get a Kleenex," but he often delays getting a Kleenex and mucus gets on his hands, clothes,, and therapy area. The is creating health concerns for the team and they would like him to immediately get a Kleenex when instructed. What data collection system would be best to measure the time between being given the instruction "Get a Kleenex" and the time the learner complies?
Latency
29
Latency measures are useful when you want to change the amount of time it takes between an interaction and the learner complying with that instruction.
TRUE
30
Extremely variable data looks like a zig zag or mountain peaks and valleys when graphed.
TRUE
31
Percentage measurements are a good choice to use when you want to know how often a behavior is occurring.
FALSE
32
An RBT is taking data on how frequently her learner says the word "ball." She records data immediately after each occurrence of the learner saying ball. This is an example of using direct measurement.
TRUE
33
A person's environment consists of which of the following?
Presentation of demands/activities
biology/medical issues
sensory input
34
As an RBT, when should you make sure that your data collection materials are available, in working order, and current?
Before sessions starts
35
In ABA, we primarily use pie charts to examine data.
FALSE
36
The amount of time between a stimulus and the initiation of a response refers to the behavior's:
Response latency
37
A procedure for observing and recording behaviors during intervals or at a specific moment in time refers to:
Time Sampling/Interval Recording
38
Measuring a behavior after it has occurred by measuring the behavior's effect on the environment refers to:
Permanent Product Recording
39
If a learner's graph is consistently showing data points at levels between 40-55%, you would say the behavior is occurring at a:
Moderate level
40
Visual inspection of graphs cannot sow you interval effects.
FALSE
41
An RBT is recording the learner's elopement (running away) from the therapy area. He is taking 1-minute interval data and is recording a plus if the learner eloped from the therapy area at any point during the interval. This is an example of what type of data collection system?
Partial interval
42
An RBT is taking data on the number of times that her learner raises his hand. This is an example of count data collection.
TRUE
43
When preparing to collect data, what do you need to know?
What to observe & what type of data to record
44
Which of the following is NOT a description often used for trend lines?
Wild trend
45
Latency measures are useful when you want to change the amount of time it takes between an instruction and the learner complying with that instruction.
TRUE
46
Which of the following is a discontinuous measurement procedure?
Percentage
47
If an RBT is taking data on the number of times the learner initiates interactions with friends over a 20 minute time period, the RBT is using what type of data collection?
Rate
48
The interval recording system that tends to overestimate occurrences of behavior is called:
Partial interval
49
Behavior is influenced by the environment.
TRUE
50
You must observe the learner engage in the specific behavior of interest when utilizing Permanent Product Recording measures.
FALSE
51
We collect data to:
Meet ethical standards
Evaluate the effects of treatment
Design meaningful interventions
52
If a learner's graph is consistently showing data points at levels between 85-95%, you would say the behavior is occurring at a :
High level
53
An RBT is recording the learner's ability to silently read a book. She is taking 1-minute interval data and is recording a plus if the learner was silently reading the entire minute. This is an example of what type of data collection system?
Whole interval
54
Measuring whether a behavior occurred for an entire interval refers to which type of interval recording system?
Whole interval
55
If a learner's graph is consistently showing data points at levels between 5-10%, you would say the behavior is occurring at a:
Low level
56
Count, Rate, Duration & Latency are all examples of continuous data collection systems.
TRUE
57
A benefit of Momentary Time Sampling measurement is that it catches all instances of an occurrence or non-occurrence of a behavior.
FALSE
58
The goal of operational definitions is that behavior is explicitly defined with specific, observable descriptions, examples, and non-examples, and onset and offset criteria so that 2 or more observers can agree on whether or not a specific behavior did or did not occur during an observation period.
TRUE
59
You should use partial interval recording when the goal is to increase a target behavior.
FALSE
60
A teacher would like to collect data on a student's behavior of working independently. She is struggling with collecting accurate and reliable data on this student because her attention is constantly being pulled in other directions. Momentary Time Sampling might be a good measurement systems to recommend in this example.
TRUE
61
The primary purpose of graphed data is to show the relationship between treatment (independent variable) and target behavior (dependent variable).
TRUE
62
Data are NOT used to:
Punish people for being ineffective
63
"Sally yells in class" is an example of a good operational definition.
FALSE
64
In ABA we measure:
Behavior
65
Of the following options, which best describes behavior?
Anything observable and measurable
66
Intervals and Ratios Reinforcement Schedules are different from each other in that intervals reflect frequency of responses and ratios reflect periods of time.
FALSE
67
Pairing with a learner includes all of the following except:
Leaving the room is you feel the learner doesn't like you
68
An advantage of token economies is that you can make tokens individualized so that the learner likes the tokens so much that he doesn't listen to the trainer.
FLASE
69
Being prepared for your session includes checking your social media accounts before your session begins.
FALSE
70
Deprivation is a component of determining reinforcer effectiveness.
TRUE
71
When Implementing Discrete Trial Training, the RBT is concerned with whether responses are which of the following?
Correct or Incorrect
72
Which of the following is a good example of an instruction to provide during Discrete Trial Training?
"Touch your head."
73
Lisa has learned to say "Grandma" when shown a picture of her grandmother. Now, Lisa says "Grandma" whenever she sees a woman with white hair. This is a good example of stimulus control.
FALSE
74
Sue lost her favorite Elmo toy about 2 weeks ago. Today, her Aunt bought her a replacement and Sue loves it! When her ABA session starts, Sue asks to work for Elmo. The therapist says, "Sure! We can earn Elmo. Show me how you put your jacket on." Sue quickly puts on the jacket and earns a brief break with Elmo. In this scenario, what part of the 4-term contingency is reflected by the fact that Sue has not been able to play with her favorite toy for 2 weeks?
Motivating Operation
75
If you cannot tell whether a response is correct or not, there is probably a problem with what?
Operational Definition
76
A token economy:
Uses a generalized conditioned reinforcer that can be exchanged for something desired.
77
Barb is working on labeling numbers. When the RBT shows her a flashcard with a 1 on it, she says "One." When the RBT shows her a flashcard with a 2 on it, she says "Two." Barb can correctly identify numbers up to 10. This is a good example of stimulus control.
TRUE
78
If a learner is not following instructions, it is appropriate to threaten him or her with punishing consequences.
FALSE
79
One way to program for generalization is to teach in multiple environments.
TRUE
80
Ellen is learning to make a sandwich using a task analysis and chaining procedure. The steps of making a sandwich are 1) get two pieces of bread 2) get peanut butter 3) get jelly 4) spread one spoonful of peanut butter on bread 5) spread one spoonful of jelly on bread 6) put pieces of bread together with peanut butter and jelly in the middle. She is currently require to do steps 1-3 before earning reinforcement. After Ellen independently completes step 3, the RBT does steps 4-6 for her. This is an example of what kind of chaining procedure?
Forward chaining
81
Thomas has been playing in the play room for about 10 minutes and is beginning to get a little bored with the toys. His RBT says, "OK. Play time is over. Clean up." Jimmy immediately starts putting the toys away and receives praise from his RBT. In this scenario, what part of the 4-term contingency is the RBT's statement "Ok. Play time is over. Clean up."?
Antecedent
82
Discrimination training is demonstrated when the target response occurs consistently in the presence of the SD and does not occur in the presence of other stimuli.
TRUE
83
Jimmy is very engaged in his ABA therapy and is happily earning access to Hot Wheels. Jimmy's RBT says "Find blue" and Jimmy touches a blue circle. The RBT responds "Great!" and gives Jimmy a toy car. In this scenario, what part of the 4-term contingency is the RBT's instruction to "Find blue."?
Antecedent
84
What is maintenance?
When a learner continues to perform a target behavior after intervention is terminated.
85
Establishing Operation (E.O.) temporarily increases the value of an item and increases behavior associated with obtaining it.
TRUE
86
What do well call motivating operations that temporarily decreases the value of something as a reinforcer?
Abolishing Operation
87
What is an advantage of token economies?
Easy to deliver reinforcement quickly
Flexible and can be exchanged for anything
Can reinforce a variety of responses
88
Matthew is leaving his learners home, he says "Bye-Bye" to the learner and the learner repeats "Bye-Bye." What type of verbal operant did the learner engage in?
Echoic
89
George learns to wash the dishes in the sink and the dishwasher at home after Mom teaches him all of the steps. George and his family go on vacation and Mom asks him to do the dishes. George is able to wash the dishes without prompting or help. What is this an example of?
Generalization across settings.
90
Sleep is an unconditioned reinforcer.
TRUE
91
A strategy used in Discrete Trial Training that involves a therapist freely delivering preferred items or activities to a child and engaging with the child in a fun way before presenting academic demands is:
Pairing
92
Consequences are always the same for every learner and targeted skill.
FALSE
93
Meg is learning to put her pants on using a task analysis and chaining procedure. The steps of putting on her pants are 1) get the pants from her drawer 2) shake them out 3) put the tag in the back 4) put right foot through right leg 5) put left foot through left leg 6) pull pants up to waist 7) zip pants. She is currently required to do steps 6-7 before earning reinforcement. Meg's parents currently do steps 1-5 for her. This is an example of what kind of chaining procedure?
Backward chaining
94
You should be creative during your naturalistic teaching sessions.
TRUE
95
Alex is working on personal information. When his RBT says "What is your name?" he plies "Alex." When the RBT says, "How old are you?" he replies "Ten." Alex can consistently answer 5 personal information questions. This is a good example of stimulus control.
TRUE
96
Flavia takes her learner to the grocery store. The learner notices there is a new display of coconuts and says, "Those coconuts look silly." What type of verbal operant did the learner engage in?
Tact
97
Any antecedent stimulus that is present when a behavior is NOT reinforced refers to which of the following choices?
Stimulus-delta
98
When conducting stimulus control transfer procedures, you should remove prompts as quickly as possible.
TRUE
99
What is a task analysis?
The process of breaking down a complex skill into smaller and teachable units.
100
This teaching strategy is defined as "A method of teaching in simplified and structure steps. Instead of teaching an entire skill in one go, the skill is broken down into its smallest components and then "build up" using discrete trials that teach one step at a time."
Discrete Trial Training
101
Increasing the amount of time that a learner brushes teeth is an example shaping:
Duration
102
When implementing Discrete Trial Training, the RBT is concerned with whether the responses are which of the following?
Correct or Incorrect
103
Janet is playing outside, her RBT sees a great opportunity to try some Natural Environment Training and says, "Roll me the ball." Janet bounces the ball twice, throws it in the air, and then rolls it to the RBT. This is a good example of stimulus control.
FALSE
104
Social (positive) reinforcement includes which of the following examples:
Smile and say "Hi!" when they look at you
105
Data collection should still take place during Naturalistic Teaching.
TRUE
