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1
Q

What type of piston rods are commonly found in radial engines

A

A master and articulating rod assembly

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2
Q

What is detonation

A

Ignite spontaneously and burn with explosive violence

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3
Q

Where is a crack most likely to occur on a piston

A

Piston pin/wrist pin

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4
Q

What types of damage may be found when inspecting compressor blades

A

Dents, scratches, gouges, galling, burns, burrs, pitting, and cracks

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5
Q

How are compressor blades attached to a disk type rotor

A

Fit into the disks by either bulb type, fir-tree, or dovetail type roots. Locked by means of screws, peening, locking wire, pins, or keys

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the nozzle diaphragm, or turbine nozzle

A

Guides combustion gases to the turbine section for maximum turbine rotation

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7
Q

What is the effect of air density on the thrust of a turbine engine

A

Determines the mass of air that is used by a jet engine

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8
Q

What are the two most common types of thrust reverse

A

Mechanical blockage type and aerodynamic blockage type

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9
Q

What is a split compressor system in a turbine engine

A

Requires two concentric shaft joining the turbine stages to their respective compressors

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10
Q

What is a free turbine

A

Rather than driving the compressor rotor, drives a propeller or helicopter transmission

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11
Q

What are the units in an engine fuel flow system

A

Transmitter and an indicator

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12
Q

Where is the fuel flow transmitter located

A

Between the engine driven pump and the carburetor

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13
Q

What exactly does a mass fuel flow transmitter measure

A

Density mass of the fuel that flows through it

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14
Q

What is the reason for monitoring the fuel flow

A

Wheather the engine is operating at the correct fuel air mixture for a given power setting

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15
Q

What does manifold pressure gauge indicate

A

Measures absolute pressure in the intake manifold

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16
Q

What would be the effect of a broken manifold pressure gauge line

A

Indicates atmospheric pressure

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17
Q

What does the engine tachometer indicate

A

Crankshaft speed (RPM)

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18
Q

What is the most likely cause of an oscillating tachometer

A

Kink in the cable

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19
Q

What type of tachometer is used in multi engine airplanes

A

Alternating current tachometer generators

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20
Q

What are turbine engine tachometers designed to indicate

A

Percent of engine rotor (shaft) RPM

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21
Q

What is the EPR on a turbine engine

A

Ratio between total turbine discharge pressure to total inlet pressure. Indicates the thrust being developed by the engine

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22
Q

Where is a carburetor air temperature bulb located

A

Air intake passage to the engine

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23
Q

How can a turbine engine EGT be checked without operating the engine

A

Checking resistance to thermocouples and circuits.

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24
Q

What is the typical acceptable resistance of a cylinder head thermocouple cable

A

2 to 8 ohms

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25
Q

What are the main categories of engine fire protection systems

A

Spot detection, continuous loop, and flame detectors

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26
Q

How many thermocouples are required for engine fire detection

A

Depends on the size of the fire zone and total circuit resistance

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27
Q

Describe the operation of a kidde continuous loop fire detector system

A

Ceramic core material heats up its resistance drops completing a circuit between the internal wires lighting a light

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28
Q

What is the most common cause of false fire warning in a continuous loop detector system

A

Dance, kinks, or crushed sensing elements.

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29
Q

What two methods are used to discharge fire extinguishing agents

A

Mechanical and electrical

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30
Q

What method is used to release the fire extinguishing agent in a typical turbine engine fire protection system

A

Squibs

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31
Q

What is the color marking used to identify fire extinguishing lines

A

Brown tag with a row of black diamonds

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32
Q

What are two methods commonly used to distribute the fire extinguishing agent to the engine

A

Perforated tube or discharge nozzles

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33
Q

How does the fire extinguishing agent put out the fire

A

Dilutes the atmosphere so that it will not support combustion

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34
Q

How is the fire extinguishing agent distributed from a HRD system

A

Open end tubes

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35
Q

Which type of fire detection system gives a more complete coverage to a fire hazard

A

A continuous loop system

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36
Q

How would you seat newly installed generator brushes to the commutator

A

Use fine green sandpaper placed around the commutator with the sanding surface facing out word

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37
Q

What units make up a DC generator three unit regulator

A

Voltage regulator, current limiter, and reverse current cutout

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38
Q

What method is used to control the voltage of an aircraft alternator

A

Voltage regulator

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39
Q

What determines the frequency of the voltage of an alternator

A

Speed of rotation of the rotor and the number of poles

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40
Q

What are the three basic types of DC motors

A

Series motor, shunt motors, and compound motors

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41
Q

Name the parts of a DC motor

A

The Armature, brushes, commutator, and field frame

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42
Q

Why should strand wire be used in powerplant applications

A

Less likely to fatigue and break from vibrations

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43
Q

What is open wiring

A

Wire not enclosed in conduit

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44
Q

What methods are used to control the voltage output of DC aircraft generator

A

The vibrating type voltage regulator, three unit regulator, and carbon pile

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45
Q

What are the causes of excessive arcing at the generator brushes

A

Commutator that is dirty, rough, or out of round. Worn or binding brushes, or when brush spring tension is too low

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46
Q

What precautions should be taken when running wires close to heating ducts or exhaust stacks

A

Wire should be insulated with a high temperature resistant material

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47
Q

What are the purposes of reciprocating engine oil

A

Cleans, cools, cushions, seals, and lubricates parts

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48
Q

What factors must be considered in determining the proper grade of oil to use in a specific engine

A

Operating load, rotational speed, and operating temperatures

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49
Q

What are the main oil contaminants

A

Gasoline, moisture, acid, dirt, carbon, and metallic particles

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50
Q

What could cause oil foaming

A

Diluted oil, contaminated oil, or the oil level is too high

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51
Q

What would be an indication of an inadequate oil supply

A

Low oil pressure and high oil temp

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52
Q

Where can you find the specified grade of oil for a particular aircraft

A

AFM, or the pilots operating handbook

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53
Q

What are two types of oil coolers used in turbine engine lubrication systems

A

Air cooled and fuel cooled

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54
Q

What is the meaning of oil flashpoint? Fire point?

A

Temperature at which the oil will begin to give of ignitable vapors. Fire point is the temperature at which there are sufficient vapors to support a continuous flame

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55
Q

What is the weight of aircraft engine oil

A

7.5 pounds per US gallon

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56
Q

What is the primary purpose of engine oil lubricant

A

Reduce friction

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57
Q

What is the S.O.A.P. Analysis

A

Oil analysis system that establishes a trend to measure engine health

58
Q

Where carbon seals used in turbine engines

A

Aircraft gearboxes, air turbine motor starters, and main shaft seals

59
Q

What is the key purpose of lubrication in a turbine engine

A

Lubrication of the main shaft bearings

60
Q

Where are engine oil filters located

A

Between the oil pump output and the engine bearings

61
Q

Why do reciprocating engines require oil with a high viscosity index

A

Easier starting in cold temperatures and prevents the oil from becoming too thin and operating temperatures

62
Q

Why do reciprocating engines require high viscosity oil

A

They have large clearances, high operating temperatures, and high bearing pressures

63
Q

What is a magneto

A

Self-contained AC generator driven by the engine for the purpose of ignition

64
Q

What is the purpose of the condenser in a high tension magneto electrical system

A

Prevent arcing at the points and to hasten the collapse of the magnetic field

65
Q

What is the E gap position

A

The poles of the rotating magnet are a few degrees past the neutral position

66
Q

What are the three major circuits of a high tension magnetos system

A

Magnetic circuit, primary electrical circuit, and secondary electrical circuit

67
Q

What are the components of a high tension magnetic circuit

A

Permanent rotating magnet, soft iron core, and pole shoes

68
Q

What happens when the primary breaker points open in a magneto

A

Stops the flow of current in the primary coil

69
Q

What three conditions are required to fire plugs in a cylinder when the piston is in the prescribed position

A

E gap position, the breaker points must open and the distributor rotor must be aligned with a distributor electrode for that cylinder

70
Q

What is internal timing of a magneto

A

Adjusting the breaker points to open when the polls of the rotating magnet are at the E gap position

71
Q

What is the purpose of an impulse coupling used with a magneto

A

Used to retard the timing of the spark to after top dead center for starting the engine

72
Q

What is the proper spark plug reach

A

When the electrode end of the plug inside the cylinder is in the best position to achieve ignition

73
Q

What type of ignition system is used in most turbine engines

A

Electronic capacitor type ignition system

74
Q

What is the function of the igniter plugs in a turbine engine

A

Provide a discharge gap for the current which is stored in the capacitor

75
Q

What are two types of igniter plugs

A

Annular rum and constrained gap

76
Q

What is an advantage of air turbine starters, when compared to electric starters, for large turbine engines

A

Lightweight, do not have the same cooldown periods as electric starters

77
Q

Why do turbine igniters not get carbon found as often as reciprocating engine spark plugs

A

Due to extreme high rates of electrical discharge

78
Q

What are three parts of an ignition system of a turbine

A

Igniter, exciter, ignition lead

79
Q

Where are the fuel spray nozzles located in a turbine engine

A

Externally or internally on the combustion chamber in such a way that the fuel can be sprayed into the combustion area

80
Q

Name the heat sources for the operation of fuel heaters used in turbine engines

A

Bleed air or engine lubricating oil

81
Q

What engine variables are sensed by Hydro mechanical fuel control

A

Power lever position, RPM, compressor inlet pressure temp, burner pressure, or compressor discharge pressure, EGT or TIT

82
Q

What are the two most commonly used carburetors in small reciprocating engines

A

Float type carburetor and pressure type carburetor

83
Q

What type of fuel control unit is used in turbine engines

A

Hydro mechanical and electronic fuel control units

84
Q

What is meant by trimming a turbine engine

A

Adjusting the fuel control for proper idle and full throttle RPM

85
Q

When should I turbine engine be trimmed

A

Loss in engine power or the manufacture specifies

86
Q

What is the purpose of a mixture control in a float type carburetor

A

Controls the fuel air mixture as air density changes with altitude

87
Q

What is the function of a metering jet

A

Limit the fuel flow when the throttle valve is wide open

88
Q

What is the fuel metering force in a float type carburetor

A

Differential pressure between the pressure in the float chamber and at the nozzle

89
Q

Where does a pressure injection carburetor obtain fuel pressure

A

Boost pump for starting and from the engine driven fuel pump for normal operations

90
Q

What operates an automatic mixture control (AMC) on a pressure carburetor

A

Contains sealed Bellows that expand or contract with changes in atmospheric pressure

91
Q

What is the purpose of filling a pressure injection carburetor full of fuel and allowing it to soak for a period of about eight hours prior to installation

A

Soften the diaphragms and make them as pliable as they were when the carburetor was originally calibrated

92
Q

What are three types of carburetor icing

A

Throttle icing, impact icing, and fuel evaporation icing

93
Q

What type of fuel pump is generally used with large reciprocating engines

A

Positive displacement rotary vane type pump

94
Q

What is the most common type of fuel boost pump

A

Electrically driven centrifugal type pump

95
Q

What is the purpose of the bypass valve in the engine driven fuel pump

A

Provides a path around the pump vanes for starting and allows fuel to bypass the pump in case of pump failure

96
Q

What are three general causes of vapor lock

A

Low fuel pressure, high fuel temp, and excessive fuel turbulence

97
Q

Turbine engine fuel pumps may be divided into what two distinct system categories

A

Constant displacement and variable displacement

98
Q

What category is a turbine engine driven gear type pump

A

Constant displacement

99
Q

What type of fuel pump can be made to vary the fuel flow at any speed

A

Variable displacement pump

100
Q

What part of a gas turbine engine fuel system is very susceptible to the formation of ice

A

Fuel filter

101
Q

How is the engine fuel system protected from ice formation

A

Fuel heaters

102
Q

Where are fuel filters located

A

Fuel pump

103
Q

Can you use automotive gasoline in a reciprocating engine in place of avgas

A

Yes if you have a STC

104
Q

What are three major parts of a reciprocating engine induction system

A

Air scoop, fuel delivery system, and intake manifold

105
Q

What effect does induction system icing have on engine performance

A

Cause an engine to act erratically and lose power, and may possibly quit

106
Q

What engine indication can be the result of a dirty air filter

A

Low power

107
Q

What is the purpose of a distribution impeller on a radial engine

A

Breaks up the fuel globs into finer particles for better distribution to the cylinders

108
Q

How does an internally driven supercharger get its power

A

Mechanically engine driven

109
Q

What is the most common means of regulating the cooling airflow through a reciprocating engine

A

Use of cowl flaps

110
Q

What is the purpose of the fins on engine cylinders

A

Increase the surface area for cooling

111
Q

What other engine characteristics are designed to aid in the engine cooling besides cooling fins

A

Cowling and baffles

112
Q

What is the “open and close” adjustment during installation of cowl flaps important

A

Keep cylinder head temperature within allowable limits

113
Q

What publication should be referred to before re-profiling cylinder cooling fins

A

Manufacturers service, or overhaul manual

114
Q

What power sources are used to operate cowl flaps

A

Electrically, hydraulically, manually

115
Q

What is the purpose of blast tubes

A

Direct jets of cooling air to accessory‘s of the engine that have high heat concentrations

116
Q

What are the main reasons that excessive heat in a reciprocating engine is undesirable

A

Shorten the life of the engine parts, impairs lubrication, and affects combustion

117
Q

Describe the augmenter system

A

Help keep the temperature of air cooled engines down by using exhaust gas energy to draw cool air over the engine

118
Q

What is the source of air directed to engine bearings for cooling

A

Bleed air

119
Q

What is the purpose of insulation on the exhaust duct of a turbine engine

A

Reduce the temperature of the structures in the vicinity and to eliminate the possibility of fuel or oil coming into contact with the hot parts of the engine

120
Q

What types of materials are used to make insulation blankets for turbine engines

A

Stainless steel, layers of aluminum full, fiberglass, and silver foil

121
Q

What areas of a turbine engine are cooled by the secondary air passing through the engine

A

Combustion chamber and the turbines

122
Q

What is the purpose of an engine cowling

A

Streamlines the engine to reduce drag and forms an envelope around the engine, which forces the airstream between the cylinders to cool them

123
Q

What are two types of reciprocating engine exhaust systems

A

Short stack system and collector system

124
Q

What is the purpose of a reciprocating engine exhaust system

A

Remove heat and noxious gases from the engine nacelle

125
Q

What happens when lid, zinc, or galvanized marks are made on the exhaust system

A

Absorbed by the metal when heated causing a change in the molecular structure that weakens the metal

126
Q

What is the usual cause of muffler and heat exchanger failures

A

Concentrated areas of thermal stress or vibration stress

127
Q

Where are exhaust manifold and stack failures most likely to occur

A

Wells, flanges, or clamped points in the system

128
Q

What factors are affected if the area of the exhaust nozzle of a turbine engine is changed

A

Affects both the engine performance and the exhaust gas temp

129
Q

What is the purpose of a propeller

A

Create thrust and either pull or push the plane through the air

130
Q

What are two types of propeller configurations

A

Tractor type and pusher type

131
Q

What are the aerodynamic forces and loads acting on a rotating propeller blade

A

Centrifugal force, aerodynamic twisting, centrifugal twisting, torque bending, and thrust bending forces

132
Q

What should be used to clean aluminum and steel propeller blades and hubs

A

Suitable cleaning solvent using a brush or cloth

133
Q

Why do you put the blades of a counterweight propeller in the high pitch before stopping the engine

A

In high pitch position the cylinder moves inboard and covers the piston protecting from dirt and moisture in the air

134
Q

How is feathering accomplished on a constant speed counterweight propeller

A

Releasing governor oil pressure on the counterweights

135
Q

What is blade tracking

A

determining the position of the tips of the propeller blades relative to each other

136
Q

Why are propellers indexed to the crankshaft of an engine

A

Reduce vibrations to a minimum

137
Q

What is the function of an APU air inlet Plenum

A

Stabilize the pressure of the air before it enters the compressor

138
Q

When operating at high loads what is the speed of an APU

A

APU remains at or near rated speed regardless of the load condition

139
Q

What regulates fuel scheduling during APU start and under varying pneumatic bleed and electrical loads

A

Maintained automatically by the APU fuel control system

140
Q

What is the primary function of the load compressor on APUs equipped with a free turbine and load compressor

A

Bleed air

141
Q

To prevent rotor seizure “shock cooling” how long should an APU idle before being shut down

A

3 to 5 minutes

Powerplant (1 decks)

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