Study Flashcards

1
Q

The function f(x) = a^x with a > 0 and a ≠ 1 is

A

The exponential function with base a

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2
Q

The exponential function with base a

A

f(x) = a^x with a > 0 and a ≠ 1

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3
Q

What is x^2 and what is 2^x

A

Power function and exponential function

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4
Q

Power function and exponential function

A

x^2 and 2^x

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5
Q

Domain and range of exponential functions

A

(-∞, ∞) and (0, ∞)

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6
Q

(-∞, ∞) and (0, ∞)

A

Domain and range of exponential functions

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7
Q

How do you graph y=a^x?

A

Y intercept at 0,1

Point at (1,a)

Lim a^x = ∞
x —> ∞

Lim a^x = 0
x —> -∞

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8
Q

How do you graph the opposite of y = a^x?

A

Y intercept (0,1)

Point at (1,a)

Point at (-1, 1/a)

Lim a^x = 0
x—> ∞

Lim a^x = ∞
x—> -∞

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9
Q

Y intercept at 0,1

Point at (1,a)

Lim a^x = ∞
x —> ∞

Lim a^x = 0
x —> -∞

A

y = a^x

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10
Q

Y intercept (0,1)

Point at (1,a)

Point at (-1, 1/a)

Lim a^x = 0
x—> ∞

Lim a^x = ∞
x—> -∞

A

Opposite of y=a^x

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11
Q

What shift is this?

y=a^x-c

A

Shift right c units

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12
Q

How do you shift right c units in an exponential function?

A

y=a^x-c

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13
Q

Reflections in exponential functions

A

y=-a^x (x-axis)

y=a^-x (y-axis)

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14
Q

What is this transformation?

y=Ca^x

A

Stretch if C>1

Shrink if 0

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15
Q

Examples of exponential growth / decay

A

Capital, population, radioactive isotopes

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16
Q

Capital, population, radioactive isotopes

A

Examples of exponential growth / decay

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17
Q

Discrete compound interest formula

A

A=P(1+r/n)^nt

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18
Q

A=P(1+r/n)^nt

A

Discrete compound interest formula

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19
Q

What is r and n in discrete compound interest formula?

A

N is number of times compounded like (annually, semi-annually, quarterly, monthly, or daily) and r is perfentage

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20
Q

Continuously compounded interest formula

A

A=Pe^rt

Lim (1+1/h)^h = e

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21
Q

A=Pe^rt

Lim (1+1/h)^h = e

A

Continuously compounded interest formula

22
Q

Exponential growth and decay formula

A

A(t)=A(o)e^kt or A(o)(e^k)^t

Initial amount is A(o)

K is relative time rate of graph (k > 0) for growth and (k < 0) for decay

23
Q

A(t)=A(o)e^kt or A(o)(e^k)^t

Initial amount is A(o)

K is relative time rate of graph (k > 0) for growth and (k < 0) for decay

A

Exponential growth and decay formula

24
Q

How do you graph:

y=logaX

A

X intercept (1,0)

Domain: (0, ∞)

Range: (-∞, ∞)

25
X intercept (1,0) Domain: (0, ∞) Range: (-∞, ∞)
y=logaX
26
The logarithm with base a is defined by
y=logaX iff x=a^y
27
y=logaX iff x=a^y
Logarithm with base a
28
Convert to logarithmic form: 4^3=64 (1/2)^4=1/16 a^-2=7
3=log4(64) 4=log1/2(1/16) -2=loga(7)
29
3=log4(64) 4=log1/2(1/16) -2=loga(7
4^3=64 (1/2)^4=1/16 a^-2=7
30
Convert to exponential form: log3(243)=5 log2(5)=x loga(N)=x
243=3^5 5=2^x N=a^x
31
243=3^5 5=2^x N=a^x
log3(243)=5 log2(5)=x loga(N)=x
32
The number loga(x) is
The power that we raise a to in order to get x
33
The power that we raise a to in order to get x
loga(x)
34
log5(25) log2(16) log1/3(9) log7(7) log16(1) log4(1/2)
log5(5^2)=2 log2(2^4)=4 log1/3(3^2)=log1/3^-2 log7(7)=1 log16(1)=0 log4(1/2)=-1/2
35
log5(5^2)=2 log2(2^4)=4 log1/3(3^2)=log1/3^-2 log7(7)=1 log16(1)=0 log4(1/2)=-1/2
log5(25) log2(16) log1/3(9) log7(7) log16(1) log4(1/2)
36
How is log1/3(9) evaluated?
1. ) log1/3(3^2) is written 2. ) log1/3((1/3)^-1)^2 is written since 3 = 1/3^-1 3. ) answer is log1/3(1/3^-2)
37
Basic properties of logarithms
loga(a)=1 loga(1)=0 loga(a^x)=x for any real x a^loga(x)= x for any x > 0
38
loga(a)=1 loga(1)=0 loga(a^x)=x for any real x a^loga(x)= x for any x > 0
Basic properties of logarithms
39
How do you find the domain of a logarithmic function?
The numbers inside the parenthesis must be set to 0
40
What is the domain of: g(x) = logz(x+1/x-3)
(-∞,-1) U (3, ∞) since the numerator and denominator have to be positive
41
What is “the exponential function”
e^x
42
e^x
“The exponential function”
43
Common logarithm and natural logarithm difference
Common is log base 10 “logx” Natural is log base e “lnx”
44
Evaluate: lne^4
4
45
Logarithm rules loga(xy) loga(x/y) loga(x^y)
loga(x) + loga(y) logaX - loga(y) y • loga(x)
46
loga(x) + loga(y) logaX - loga(y) y • loga(x)
loga(xy) loga(x/y) loga(x^y)
47
Exponent rules a^x • a^y ax/ay (a^x)^y
a^x+y a^x-y a^xy
48
a^x+y a^x-y a^xy
a^x • a^y ax/ay (a^x)^
49
Change if base formula
loga(x) = ln(x)/ln(a)
50
loga(x) = ln(x)/ln(a)
Change of base formula
51
Radioactive decay formula
h=-ln2/k
52
h=-ln2/k
Radioactive decay formula