Study Flashcards

1
Q

The function f(x) = a^x with a > 0 and a ≠ 1 is

A

The exponential function with base a

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2
Q

The exponential function with base a

A

f(x) = a^x with a > 0 and a ≠ 1

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3
Q

What is x^2 and what is 2^x

A

Power function and exponential function

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4
Q

Power function and exponential function

A

x^2 and 2^x

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5
Q

Domain and range of exponential functions

A

(-∞, ∞) and (0, ∞)

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6
Q

(-∞, ∞) and (0, ∞)

A

Domain and range of exponential functions

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7
Q

How do you graph y=a^x?

A

Y intercept at 0,1

Point at (1,a)

Lim a^x = ∞
x —> ∞

Lim a^x = 0
x —> -∞

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8
Q

How do you graph the opposite of y = a^x?

A

Y intercept (0,1)

Point at (1,a)

Point at (-1, 1/a)

Lim a^x = 0
x—> ∞

Lim a^x = ∞
x—> -∞

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9
Q

Y intercept at 0,1

Point at (1,a)

Lim a^x = ∞
x —> ∞

Lim a^x = 0
x —> -∞

A

y = a^x

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10
Q

Y intercept (0,1)

Point at (1,a)

Point at (-1, 1/a)

Lim a^x = 0
x—> ∞

Lim a^x = ∞
x—> -∞

A

Opposite of y=a^x

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11
Q

What shift is this?

y=a^x-c

A

Shift right c units

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12
Q

How do you shift right c units in an exponential function?

A

y=a^x-c

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13
Q

Reflections in exponential functions

A

y=-a^x (x-axis)

y=a^-x (y-axis)

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14
Q

What is this transformation?

y=Ca^x

A

Stretch if C>1

Shrink if 0

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15
Q

Examples of exponential growth / decay

A

Capital, population, radioactive isotopes

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16
Q

Capital, population, radioactive isotopes

A

Examples of exponential growth / decay

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17
Q

Discrete compound interest formula

A

A=P(1+r/n)^nt

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18
Q

A=P(1+r/n)^nt

A

Discrete compound interest formula

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19
Q

What is r and n in discrete compound interest formula?

A

N is number of times compounded like (annually, semi-annually, quarterly, monthly, or daily) and r is perfentage

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20
Q

Continuously compounded interest formula

A

A=Pe^rt

Lim (1+1/h)^h = e

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21
Q

A=Pe^rt

Lim (1+1/h)^h = e

A

Continuously compounded interest formula

22
Q

Exponential growth and decay formula

A

A(t)=A(o)e^kt or A(o)(e^k)^t

Initial amount is A(o)

K is relative time rate of graph (k > 0) for growth and (k < 0) for decay

23
Q

A(t)=A(o)e^kt or A(o)(e^k)^t

Initial amount is A(o)

K is relative time rate of graph (k > 0) for growth and (k < 0) for decay

A

Exponential growth and decay formula

24
Q

How do you graph:

y=logaX

A

X intercept (1,0)

Domain: (0, ∞)

Range: (-∞, ∞)

25
Q

X intercept (1,0)

Domain: (0, ∞)

Range: (-∞, ∞)

A

y=logaX

26
Q

The logarithm with base a is defined by

A

y=logaX iff x=a^y

27
Q

y=logaX iff x=a^y

A

Logarithm with base a

28
Q

Convert to logarithmic form:

4^3=64

(1/2)^4=1/16

a^-2=7

A

3=log4(64)

4=log1/2(1/16)

-2=loga(7)

29
Q

3=log4(64)

4=log1/2(1/16)

-2=loga(7

A

4^3=64

(1/2)^4=1/16

a^-2=7

30
Q

Convert to exponential form:

log3(243)=5

log2(5)=x

loga(N)=x

A

243=3^5

5=2^x

N=a^x

31
Q

243=3^5

5=2^x

N=a^x

A

log3(243)=5

log2(5)=x

loga(N)=x

32
Q

The number loga(x) is

A

The power that we raise a to in order to get x

33
Q

The power that we raise a to in order to get x

A

loga(x)

34
Q

log5(25)

log2(16)

log1/3(9)

log7(7)

log16(1)

log4(1/2)

A

log5(5^2)=2

log2(2^4)=4

log1/3(3^2)=log1/3^-2

log7(7)=1

log16(1)=0

log4(1/2)=-1/2

35
Q

log5(5^2)=2

log2(2^4)=4

log1/3(3^2)=log1/3^-2

log7(7)=1

log16(1)=0

log4(1/2)=-1/2

A

log5(25)

log2(16)

log1/3(9)

log7(7)

log16(1)

log4(1/2)

36
Q

How is log1/3(9) evaluated?

A
  1. ) log1/3(3^2) is written
  2. ) log1/3((1/3)^-1)^2 is written since 3 = 1/3^-1
  3. ) answer is log1/3(1/3^-2)
37
Q

Basic properties of logarithms

A

loga(a)=1

loga(1)=0

loga(a^x)=x for any real x

a^loga(x)= x for any x > 0

38
Q

loga(a)=1

loga(1)=0

loga(a^x)=x for any real x

a^loga(x)= x for any x > 0

A

Basic properties of logarithms

39
Q

How do you find the domain of a logarithmic function?

A

The numbers inside the parenthesis must be set to 0

40
Q

What is the domain of:

g(x) = logz(x+1/x-3)

A

(-∞,-1) U (3, ∞) since the numerator and denominator have to be positive

41
Q

What is “the exponential function”

A

e^x

42
Q

e^x

A

“The exponential function”

43
Q

Common logarithm and natural logarithm difference

A

Common is log base 10 “logx”

Natural is log base e “lnx”

44
Q

Evaluate:

lne^4

A

4

45
Q

Logarithm rules

loga(xy)

loga(x/y)

loga(x^y)

A

loga(x) + loga(y)

logaX - loga(y)

y • loga(x)

46
Q

loga(x) + loga(y)

logaX - loga(y)

y • loga(x)

A

loga(xy)

loga(x/y)

loga(x^y)

47
Q

Exponent rules

a^x • a^y

ax/ay

(a^x)^y

A

a^x+y

a^x-y

a^xy

48
Q

a^x+y

a^x-y

a^xy

A

a^x • a^y

ax/ay

(a^x)^

49
Q

Change if base formula

A

loga(x) = ln(x)/ln(a)

50
Q

loga(x) = ln(x)/ln(a)

A

Change of base formula

51
Q

Radioactive decay formula

A

h=-ln2/k

52
Q

h=-ln2/k

A

Radioactive decay formula