study Flashcards
appeal to authority
Using an authority as evidence in your argument when the authority is not really an authority on the facts relevant to the argument.
As the audience, allowing an irrelevant authority to add credibility to the claim being made.
Genetic
You judged something as either good or bad on the basis of where it comes from, or from whom it come.
Bandwagon
The idea is not validation but so many people believe it. It will be more and more supported by them.
Appeal to emotion
Appealing to emotion is using emotion instead of logically argument to persuade.
Ad hominem
You attacked your opponent’s character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine their argument.
Composition/Division
You assumed that one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it; or that the whole must apply to its parts.
Anecdotal
You used a personal experience or an isolated example instead of a sound argument or compelling evidence.
Tu quoque
You avoided having to engage with criticism by turning it back on the accuser - you answered criticism with criticism.
False cause
You presumed that a real or perceived relationship between things means that one is the cause of other.
The texas sharpshooter
You cherry-picked a data cluster to suit your argument, or found a pattern to fit a presumption.
Slippery slope
You said that if we allow A to happen, then Z will eventually happen too, therefore A should not happen.
Straw man
You misrepresented someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
Black-or-white
You peresented two alternative states as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist.
Middle ground
You claimed that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes must be the truth.
Deindividuation
You can do in the group what you would not do alone. Crowds or masks hide your identity and allow you to share a blame and reduce individual responsibility.
