Study! Flashcards
(32 cards)
Vegans should focus on foods high in which vitamin that may be lacking in a vegan diet?
Vit b12, which are in animal products
What vitamin promotes wound healing that would be good for after surgery?
Vitamin c (Oranges, citrus fruit)
When a patient has been on tpn for a period and being switched to regular diet..
Needs to be done gradually. So if tpn was running at 100mls/hr, decrease it to 50mls/hr. Decreasing it abruptly can cause hypoglycemia
TPN tubing changes, patient should..
Perform vasalva maneuver (deep breath, hold it, bear down). This helps avoid air embolism during tubing changes.
If air embolism is suspected d/t disconnected tpn tubing.. What should nurse do?
Lay patient on left side, with head LOWER than the feet.it minimizes the effect of air traveling as a bonus to the lungs by trapping it in the right side of the heart.
When infusing lipids, what should you check for first?
That patient doesn’t have an allergy to eggs to prevent anaphylaxis
If going to hang fat emulsion (lipids) and notice the fat globules are visible at the top of the solution, what action is needed?
Obtain a different bottle of solution.
What signs would you expect to note in a client with hypernatremia
Muscle twitches
Decreased urinary output
Increased spec gravity
What pattern would you see on an ekg if potassium level is at 2.5?
Hypokalemia=
U waves
Inverted t waves
ST depression
Risks for fluid deficit?x8
Risks for fluid overload?x5
Deficit: vomit, diarrhea,increased RR, increased urine output, draining fistula, ileostomy, suctioning
Overload: decreased kidney function, heart failure, long term corticosteroid, frequent wound irritating, too much sodium intake
TPN candidates are those whom
GI tracts are not functioning or must be rested
Patient with severe internal bleeding. What kind of solution would you infuse to increase intravascular volume, replace blood loss volume & increase blood pressure?
5% Dextrose in lactated ringers, which is HYPERTONIC solution which pulls fluid into vascular system!!
(Hypotonic moves into the cells via osmosis)
Signs of fluid overload with IV therapy? X4
Rapid breathing
Moist cough
Crackles
Dyspnea
Patient receiving packed RBC’s. Begins to vomit, Bp goes down & temp goes up. This is assign of?
Septicemia- which occurs with the transfusion of contaminated microorganisms in blood.
After transfusing blood, nurse needs to stay with patient for how long?
15 minutes, cause it is usually when a reaction may occur.
What patients are candidates for granulocyte/wbc infusion?
Patient who is neutropenic. These patients often have severe infections and do not respond to antibiotic therapy.
What is fresh frozen plasma transfused for?
Often used for volume expansion as a result of fluid/blood loss.
When SEVERAL units of blood need to be infused, what should be done to prevent cardiac dysrhythmias?
Warm the blood! Rapid infusion of cool blood risks cardiac dysrhythmia.
Negative pressure rooms used for what patients?
Airborne diseases such as TB.
Why is excess protein not helpful with a patient with cirrhosis?
The function of the liver is to metabolize protein, a diseased liver may not metabolize protein well
Hypokalemia ABG
Metabolic AlKaLOsis
Hyperkalemia ABG
Metabolic Acidosis
ICP & shock are OPPOSITES!!!
Bp
Pulse
RR
ICP:
Increased BP
Decreased pulse
Decreased RR
Shock:
Decreased BP
Increased Pulse
Increased RR
Diarrhea vs Vomiting ABG
Met. Acidosis- from the ass, losing base
Met. Alkalosis- vomit, losing acids
