Study

Question 1

According to Lenore Walker, which of the following best describes the dynamic that keeps battered women “hooked” into their relationship with the batterer?

Answer 1

The costs of the abuse and the benefits of remaining in the relationship are about equal.

Question 2

The major threat to internal validity of a time-series quasi-experiment would be

Answer 2

history.

Question 3

In an experiment, a psychologist establishes a conditioned startle response to a flashing red light by pairing presentation of the light with a loud noise that naturally elicits a startle reaction. Subsequently, the red light is simultaneously presented with a strong odor just before the loud noise. After many of these conditioning trials, which of the following is likely to occur when the strong odor is presented alone?

Answer 3

The strong odor will not produce a startle response because blocking will have occurred

Question 4

According to the central limit theorem,

Answer 4

as sample size increases, the shape of a sampling distribution of means becomes more normal.

Question 5

What is the approximate probability that a person with a Schizophrenic brother (not an identical or fraternal twin) would also have Schizophrenia?

Answer 5

10%

Question 6

All of the following statements regarding item response theory are true, except

a. it cannot be applied in the attempt to develop culture-fair tests.
b. it's a useful theory in the development of computer programs designed to create tests tailored to the individual's level of  ability.  
c. one of its assumptions is that test items measure a "latent trait."
d. it usually has little practical significance unless one is working with very large samples.

Answer 6

a. it cannot be applied in the attempt to develop culture-fair tests.

Question 7

According to Horn and Cattell (1966)

a. crystallized and fluid intelligence become more integrated in later adulthood.
b. crystallized and fluid intelligence are uncorrelated.
c. crystallized intelligence develops through the use of fluid intelligence.
d. fluid (but not crystallized) intelligence depends on exposure to particular cultural and educational experiences.

Answer 7

c. crystallized intelligence develops through the use of fluid intelligence.

Question 8

Curriculum-based assessment is
a. a form of norm-referenced assessment designed to compare the performance of students to other students who are
receiving the same type of instruction.
b. used to evaluate a curriculum in order to identify how it should be improved or changed.
c. used to compare the curriculum at an educational institution to that of other institutions with similar students and goals.
d. used to evaluate student performance in light of the current curriculum and identify possible modifications in instructional
style.

Answer 8

d. used to evaluate student performance in light of the current curriculum and identify possible modifications in instructional
style.

Question 9

There is evidence that the effectiveness of systematic desensitization for reducing anxiety is actually due to repeated exposure to the feared stimulus, which leads to extinction of the anxiety response. However, systematic desensitization was originally developed as an application of

a. negative reinforcement.
b. counterconditioning.
c. stimulus discrimination.
d. avoidance conditioning.

Answer 9

b. counterconditioning.

Question 10

The validity coefficient of a new job selection test is 0.25. This test would most likely be useful when:

a. the percentage of correct hiring decisions without the new test is very low
b. the percentage of correct hiring decisions without the new test is very high
c. there are many applicants for few job openings
d. there are few applicants for many job openings

Answer 10

c. there are many applicants for few job openings

Question 11

The realization that gender is unaffected by superficial changes in appearance or activity is referred to as:

a. gender constancy
b. gender stability
c. gender identity
d. ego-dystonic transvestism

Answer 11

a. gender constancy

Question 12

Walking through a dark park at night, you hear footsteps behind you. You think it may be a mugger so your breathing deepens and heart beats faster, at the same time you experience fear. This is an example of which theory?

a. Cannon-Bard
b. James-Lange
c. Lazarus
d. Schachter-Singer

Answer 12

c. Lazarus

Question 13

Complex Partial Seizure Disorder, formerly known as Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, is known to originate in the temporal lobe. However, absence seizures, formerly known as petit mal seizures, are believed to originate in the:

a. cerebellum
b. thalamus
c. occipital lobe
d. parietal lobe

Answer 13

b. thalamus

Question 14

The tendency to rate all using the low end of the rating scale is referred to as:

a. floor effect
b. contrast effect
c. central tendency bias
d. severity error

Answer 14

severity error

Question 15

According to Janet Helms’ (1995) White Racial Identity Development Model, the final stage of racial identity development is:

a. autonomy
b. disintegration
c. reintegration
d. immersion-emersion

Answer 15

a. autonomy

Question 16

The recurrence of hallucinations long after intoxication is most likely to result from the use of:

a. Mescaline
b. PCP
c. Methamphetamine
d. Cocaine

Answer 16

Mescaline

Question 17

Consuming foods containing tyramine while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor would most likely result in:

a. depression
b. hypotension
c. hypertension
d. no adverse reactions

Answer 17

hypertension

Question 18

Which of the following is not true about members of self-directed work teams?

a. Each member of a self-directed team has unique, specialized works skills to contribute to the group product.
b. Members plan the group's work processes and set the group's work goals.
c. Members may be authorized to hire their own replacements.
d. Members of self-directed work teams tend to be absent more than members of traditional work groups.

Answer 18

a. Each member of a self-directed team has unique, specialized works skills to contribute to the group product

Question 19

The theory that proposes convergent and divergent thinking as dimensions of intelligence is associated with:

a. Galton
b. Thurstone
c. Guilford
d. Cattell

Answer 19

c. Guilford

Question 20

The symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can be alleviated through cognitive-behavioral treatments and medication interventions that reduce activity in the

a. reticular activating system.
b. inferior colliculus.
c. caudate nucleus.
d. locus coeruleus.

Answer 20

c. caudate nucleus

Question 21

A pianist comes to your office for therapy after having sustained a head injury in a recent car accident. He has lost sensation in the fingers of his left hand and feels he “must be going crazy” because this is such a strange occurrence. Before you pull out the DSM-IV, you refer him to a neurologist because you suspect the head injury may have caused damage to the

a. precentral gyrus.
b. postcentral gyrus.
c. lateral fissure.
d. central sulcus.

Answer 21

b. postcentral gyrus

Question 22

The technique which allows a researcher to identify the underlying (latent) factors that relate to a set of measured variables and the nature of the causal relationships between those factors is:

a. structural equation modeling (SEM)
b. cluster analysis
c. Q-technique factor analysis
d. survival analysis

Answer 22

a. structural equation modeling

Question 23

___________________ may result in a job performance measure having low validity, even though it is reliable.

a. differential validity
b. criterion contamination
c. criterion deficiency
d. researcher deficiency

Answer 23

c. criterion deficiency

Question 24

If a job selection test has lower validity for Hispanics as compared to White or African-Americans, you could say that ethnicity is acting as a:

a. confounding variable
b. criterion contaminator
c. discriminant variable
d. moderator variable

Answer 24

d. moderator variable

Question 25

Which of the following would be used to determine the probability that examinees of different ability levels are able to answer a particular test item correctly?

a. criterion-related validity coefficient
b. item discrimination index
c. item difficulty index
d. item characteristic curve

Answer 25

d. item characteristic curve

Question 26

The suicide rate for African-American adolescent males over the past few decades has been:

a. higher than the rate for white adolescent males, but there has recently been an increase in the rates for both groups.
b. lower than the rate for white adolescents males, but there has been an increase in the rates for both groups.
c. higher than the rate for white adolescent males, but there has recently been a decrease in the rates for both groups.
d. lower than the rate for white adolescent males, but there has been a decrease in the rates for both groups.

Answer 26

b. lower than the rate for white adolescents males, but there has been an increase in the rates for both

Question 27

As an organizational psychologist, Dr. Jobb will recommend frame-of-reference training in order to

a. improve the accuracy of selection decisions. 
b. enhance communication among team members. 
c. reduce rater biases on performance appraisals.
d. improve leadership effectiveness.

Answer 27

c. reduce rater biases on performance appraisals.

Question 28

If someone achieves a score of 30 on a standardized test with a standard error of measurement of 5 points, what is the approximate probability that the person’s true score is between 20 and 40?

a. 2/3
b. 4/5
c. 9/10
d. 19/20

Answer 28

d. 19/20 or 95%

Question 29

A patient with right hemisphere damage is most likely to respond to jokes with which of the following reactions?

a. indifference
b. indifference or exaggerated jocularity
c. frustration and irritation
d. rage

Answer 29

b. indifference or exaggerated jocularity

Question 30

A patient uses similar phonemes or words instead of the specific words required. What impairment does the patient have?

a. apraxia
b. dysarthria
c. paraphasias
d. dysprosody

Answer 30

c. paraphasias

Question 31

The basic assumption of Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence is reflected best in which of the following statements

a. Intelligence is best defined in terms of the ability to deal with abstract concepts.
b. Intelligence assessment requires the use of simple quantified measures such as paper-and-pencil tests.
c. In assessing intelligence, learning to be an efficient processor of information is more important than genetic factors.
d. In assessing intelligence, the society in which a person lives evaluates how intelligent a person is thought to be.

Answer 31

d. In assessing intelligence, the society in which a person lives evaluates how intelligent a person is thought to be.

Question 32

The best example of a secondary prevention program is

a. a rehabilitation program.
b. crisis intervention.
c. a community education program.
d. Head Start

Answer 32

b. crisis intervention

Question 33

A whisper being audible in a library reading room, but not in a busy cafeteria is explained by:

a. the all-or-nothing principle
b. the “law of effect”
c. Weber’s law
d. the “law of proximity”

Answer 33

c. Weber’s Law

Question 34

Children’s memory for early events:

a. cannot be recalled by most after age 3
b. is limited and constant
c. changes after age 2
d. changes as it develops over time

Answer 34

d. changes as it develops over time

Question 35

Componential, experiential, and practical are the three aspects of which intelligence model?

a. Gardner
b. Cattell and Horn
c. Sternberg
d. Perkins

Answer 35

c. Sternberg

Question 36

A seizure that begins with uncontrollable twitching of a small part of the body and gradually spreads throughout one side or the entire body is referred to as:

a. partial
b. petit mal
c. tonic-clonic
d. generalized

Answer 36

a. partial