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Science T4 2023 > Study > Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an independent variable

A

a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure- what is the different temp what you are purposefully changing

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2
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment

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3
Q

What is a controlled variable

A

any variable that’s held constant in a research study

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4
Q

What happens when a light bulb is disconnected on a series circuit?

A

The circuit would become broken and lose its current therefore all globes will turn out

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5
Q

What happens when a light bulb is disconnected on a parallel circuit?

A

If one light globe blows the others remain unaffected.

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6
Q

Which approximate period of time has life been evolving
on Earth

A

3,850,000,000 years ago

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7
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

The lithosphere is the rocky outer part of Earth. It is made up of the brittle crust and the top part of the upper mantle.Thermal energy makes the rocks of the lithosphere more elastic

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8
Q

What is the biosphere

A

A global ecosystem made up of living organisms (biotic) and the nonliving (abiotic) factors that provide them with energy and nutrients. The biosphere is a narrow zone on the surface of the earth where soil, water, and air combine to sustain life. Life can only occur in this zone.

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9
Q

What is the hydrosphere

A

The total of all the water in Earth’s atmosphere. A planet’s hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice.

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10
Q

What is the atmosphere

A

A mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth, in the sky.

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11
Q

Why are phosphorus compounds important in the soil

A

Phosphates are needed to provide essential nutrients for plants and animals

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12
Q

Do radiowaves or gamma rays carry more energy

A

Gamma rays

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13
Q

What is subduction

A

When one plate goes under the other

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14
Q

What is convection

A

A type of heat transfer that can only happen in liquids and gases, because it involves those liquids or gases physically moving. Convection happens when there is a difference in temperature between two parts of a liquid or gas. The hot part of a fluid rises, and the cooler part sinks.

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15
Q

What is transferred as a mechanical wave passes
through a medium

A

Mass and Energy

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16
Q

What is refraction

A

when light changes direction, or bends, when it moves from one material to another

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17
Q

What is reflection

A

when light bounces off an object

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18
Q

Which characteristic is the same for all electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum?

A

Speed

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19
Q

What does an ammeter do?

A

Meter to
measure rate
of flow/current through a circuit

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20
Q

What is a voltmeters job

A

Gauge to
measure
difference in
pressure

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21
Q

What is a divergent plate?

A

boundaries where plates pull away from each other

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22
Q

How must voltmeters be connected into an electrical circuit?

A

They must be connected in parallel

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23
Q

Which form of heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves?

A

Radiation

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24
Q

What is the formula for ohms law

A

V=IxR
Volts=AmpsxOhms

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25
Q

What does an incident ray =

A

A reflection ray=an incident ray

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26
Q

Convergent plate?

A

When 2 plates collide into each other

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27
Q

Transverse waves

A

Waves that move up and down

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28
Q

Who was alfred wegner

A

The first men to form the idea of plate tectonics

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29
Q

What are Hominids

A

They are the great apes in which humans are meant to be derived off.

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30
Q

What is the pangea supercontient

A

all the continents on Earth were actually one huge continent surrounded by one enormous ocean

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31
Q

What is convection

A

a type of heat transfer that can only happen in liquids and gases, because it involves those liquids or gases physically moving

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32
Q

Compression waves

A

Are when you move a slinky back and forth into each other

33
Q

What is conduction

A

when heat moves from one object to another object through direct touch

34
Q

What is radiation

A

energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light.

35
Q

Where is the focal point of someone with short sight

A

Before the retina

36
Q

Where is the focal point of someone with long sight

A

Behind the retina

37
Q

What is the ring of fire

A

A tectonic boundary mostly in the pacific ocean where majority of the worlds active earthquakes and volcanoes occur.

38
Q

Why are there so many earthquakes and volcanoes along the ring of fire

A

Because of constant tectonic plate movement

39
Q

Most of the earthquakes and volcanoes occur on the plate boundaries why?

A

Because the Earth’s crust is most unstable along these boundaries

40
Q

What type of plate is the ring of fire

A

It is a convergent subduction plate

41
Q

How does radioactive dating of rocks either side of mid-ocean ridges provide evidence for
plate tectonics?

A

Rocks either side of the ridges increase in age, the further they are from the ridges

42
Q

If a cold glass is taken from a freezer and hot water is added to it, the glass may crack WHy?

A

Because it is a poor conductor of heat energy

43
Q

Why do train tracks buckle and move out of place?

A

It is due to heat

44
Q

What could be done in order to stop the buckling of train tracks?

A

Leave more expansion gaps between
rail segments to allow for hot weather

45
Q

Does velocity, amplitude, wavelength or frequency determine how loud a soundwave will be

A

Amplitude

46
Q

What is the major energy change occurring within solar panels?

A

Ultraviolet radiation into electrical energy

47
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave is most dangerous to living cells?

A

Gamma rays it is at the top of the electromagnetic spectrum

48
Q

What is at the bottom of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Radio waves

49
Q

What is the normal?

A

The invisible line directly in-between the angle of reflection and of incidence

50
Q

How does a convex lens work?

A

It scatters light particles in order to correctly focus

51
Q

What is an example of a convex lens?

A

Sight glasses

52
Q

What are the 3 types of rays for refraction?

A

Incident, refracted and emergent ray

53
Q

What happens when light speeds up in refraction

A

It bends away from the normal

54
Q

What happens when light slows down?

A

It bends towards the normal

55
Q

What 2 parts of the eye are responsible for focusing light?

A

The cornea and the lens

56
Q

What are electromagnetic waves produced from?

A

They are produced from a magnetic field

57
Q

What are mechanical waves?

A

they transfer energy through vibrating particles e.g. longitudinal and transverse waves

58
Q

What is 2 examples of a transverse wave?

A

Water waves and seismic waves in earthquakes

59
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A wave that vibrates along the line of propaganda.

60
Q

What is an example of a longitudinal wave?

A

P waves in earthquakes and sound waves

61
Q

What symbol is a light globe represented as?

A

an x through a circle

62
Q

How many globes can a voltmeter measure at a time?

A

only 1

63
Q

Explain the difference in ability of solids and gases to transmit sound.

A

Solids have a very set structure closely knit with very quick moving particles. While gas is the opposite, with sound moving the slowest through gases.

64
Q

Who is alfred Wegner and what did he do

A

He invented the theory of tectonic plates, through fossils(trees, flightless birds) and glacial tracks (Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets).

65
Q

Who was Hess and what did he do?

A

He followed wegner and proved the idea of plate tectonics through a ecosounder, gauge the amount of magma comming from the rocks magnetic striping(midatlantic oceans). THe recycling of the ocean shore shows a barcode like timeline. Proving superpangea continent and continental drift.

66
Q

What is the epic centre

A

The point on the surface of earth that is directly above the hypercenter where the earthquake starts.

67
Q

What is the hypercentre?

A

The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts

68
Q

What is the relationship between earthquakes and tectonic plates

A

Earthquakes mostly occur along fault lies. It is formed through convergent, divergent and transverse plates. THis is the cause of the pressure build up

69
Q

What is the astenosphere?

A

weak part of the mantle

70
Q

What is an real world example of a trench

A

The chile trench

71
Q

What is an example of a ridge

A

The mid-atlantic ridge/in the middle of the ocean

72
Q

What is the going of the lithosphere called?

A

Subduction

73
Q

What type of plate tectonics is the mantle and asthenosphere?

A

Convection

74
Q

What is a P wave?

A

A p wave is the fastest wave, it is compression and has the smallest wavs and have the highest velocity

75
Q

What is S waves

A

2nd wave so come so the seisometer and is an example of a transverse wave

76
Q

What are L waves

A

The slowest wave and is a longitudinal wave

77
Q

What are glacial tracks?

A

Scratches or gouges cut into bedrock by glacial abrasion separated by huge oceans over continents

78
Q

What is Magnetic striping?

A

When magma comes out of rocks and the amount that comes out if gauged

79
Q
A

Science T4 2023 (1 decks)

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