Study Flashcards
What is an independent variable
a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure- what is the different temp what you are purposefully changing
What is a dependent variable
is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment
What is a controlled variable
any variable that’s held constant in a research study
What happens when a light bulb is disconnected on a series circuit?
The circuit would become broken and lose its current therefore all globes will turn out
What happens when a light bulb is disconnected on a parallel circuit?
If one light globe blows the others remain unaffected.
Which approximate period of time has life been evolving
on Earth
3,850,000,000 years ago
What is the lithosphere?
The lithosphere is the rocky outer part of Earth. It is made up of the brittle crust and the top part of the upper mantle.Thermal energy makes the rocks of the lithosphere more elastic
What is the biosphere
A global ecosystem made up of living organisms (biotic) and the nonliving (abiotic) factors that provide them with energy and nutrients. The biosphere is a narrow zone on the surface of the earth where soil, water, and air combine to sustain life. Life can only occur in this zone.
What is the hydrosphere
The total of all the water in Earth’s atmosphere. A planet’s hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice.
What is the atmosphere
A mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth, in the sky.
Why are phosphorus compounds important in the soil
Phosphates are needed to provide essential nutrients for plants and animals
Do radiowaves or gamma rays carry more energy
Gamma rays
What is subduction
When one plate goes under the other
What is convection
A type of heat transfer that can only happen in liquids and gases, because it involves those liquids or gases physically moving. Convection happens when there is a difference in temperature between two parts of a liquid or gas. The hot part of a fluid rises, and the cooler part sinks.
What is transferred as a mechanical wave passes
through a medium
Mass and Energy
What is refraction
when light changes direction, or bends, when it moves from one material to another
What is reflection
when light bounces off an object
Which characteristic is the same for all electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum?
Speed
What does an ammeter do?
Meter to
measure rate
of flow/current through a circuit
What is a voltmeters job
Gauge to
measure
difference in
pressure
What is a divergent plate?
boundaries where plates pull away from each other
How must voltmeters be connected into an electrical circuit?
They must be connected in parallel
Which form of heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves?
Radiation
What is the formula for ohms law
V=IxR
Volts=AmpsxOhms
What does an incident ray =
A reflection ray=an incident ray
Convergent plate?
When 2 plates collide into each other
Transverse waves
Waves that move up and down
Who was alfred wegner
The first men to form the idea of plate tectonics
What are Hominids
They are the great apes in which humans are meant to be derived off.
What is the pangea supercontient
all the continents on Earth were actually one huge continent surrounded by one enormous ocean
What is convection
a type of heat transfer that can only happen in liquids and gases, because it involves those liquids or gases physically moving
Compression waves
Are when you move a slinky back and forth into each other
What is conduction
when heat moves from one object to another object through direct touch
What is radiation
energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light.
Where is the focal point of someone with short sight
Before the retina
Where is the focal point of someone with long sight
Behind the retina
What is the ring of fire
A tectonic boundary mostly in the pacific ocean where majority of the worlds active earthquakes and volcanoes occur.
Why are there so many earthquakes and volcanoes along the ring of fire
Because of constant tectonic plate movement
Most of the earthquakes and volcanoes occur on the plate boundaries why?
Because the Earth’s crust is most unstable along these boundaries
What type of plate is the ring of fire
It is a convergent subduction plate
How does radioactive dating of rocks either side of mid-ocean ridges provide evidence for
plate tectonics?
Rocks either side of the ridges increase in age, the further they are from the ridges
If a cold glass is taken from a freezer and hot water is added to it, the glass may crack WHy?
Because it is a poor conductor of heat energy
Why do train tracks buckle and move out of place?
It is due to heat
What could be done in order to stop the buckling of train tracks?
Leave more expansion gaps between
rail segments to allow for hot weather
Does velocity, amplitude, wavelength or frequency determine how loud a soundwave will be
Amplitude
What is the major energy change occurring within solar panels?
Ultraviolet radiation into electrical energy
Which type of electromagnetic wave is most dangerous to living cells?
Gamma rays it is at the top of the electromagnetic spectrum
What is at the bottom of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio waves
What is the normal?
The invisible line directly in-between the angle of reflection and of incidence
How does a convex lens work?
It scatters light particles in order to correctly focus
What is an example of a convex lens?
Sight glasses
What are the 3 types of rays for refraction?
Incident, refracted and emergent ray
What happens when light speeds up in refraction
It bends away from the normal
What happens when light slows down?
It bends towards the normal
What 2 parts of the eye are responsible for focusing light?
The cornea and the lens
What are electromagnetic waves produced from?
They are produced from a magnetic field
What are mechanical waves?
they transfer energy through vibrating particles e.g. longitudinal and transverse waves
What is 2 examples of a transverse wave?
Water waves and seismic waves in earthquakes
What is a longitudinal wave?
A wave that vibrates along the line of propaganda.
What is an example of a longitudinal wave?
P waves in earthquakes and sound waves
What symbol is a light globe represented as?
an x through a circle
How many globes can a voltmeter measure at a time?
only 1
Explain the difference in ability of solids and gases to transmit sound.
Solids have a very set structure closely knit with very quick moving particles. While gas is the opposite, with sound moving the slowest through gases.
Who is alfred Wegner and what did he do
He invented the theory of tectonic plates, through fossils(trees, flightless birds) and glacial tracks (Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets).
Who was Hess and what did he do?
He followed wegner and proved the idea of plate tectonics through a ecosounder, gauge the amount of magma comming from the rocks magnetic striping(midatlantic oceans). THe recycling of the ocean shore shows a barcode like timeline. Proving superpangea continent and continental drift.
What is the epic centre
The point on the surface of earth that is directly above the hypercenter where the earthquake starts.
What is the hypercentre?
The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts
What is the relationship between earthquakes and tectonic plates
Earthquakes mostly occur along fault lies. It is formed through convergent, divergent and transverse plates. THis is the cause of the pressure build up
What is the astenosphere?
weak part of the mantle
What is an real world example of a trench
The chile trench
What is an example of a ridge
The mid-atlantic ridge/in the middle of the ocean
What is the going of the lithosphere called?
Subduction
What type of plate tectonics is the mantle and asthenosphere?
Convection
What is a P wave?
A p wave is the fastest wave, it is compression and has the smallest wavs and have the highest velocity
What is S waves
2nd wave so come so the seisometer and is an example of a transverse wave
What are L waves
The slowest wave and is a longitudinal wave
What are glacial tracks?
Scratches or gouges cut into bedrock by glacial abrasion separated by huge oceans over continents
What is Magnetic striping?
When magma comes out of rocks and the amount that comes out if gauged
