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Science Term 3 > Study > Flashcards

Study Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Continental crust

A
  • 10-70km
  • rich in silicates
  • Aluminium minerals
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2
Q

Oceanic crust

A
  • thinner 5km
  • denser
  • comp similar to basalt
  • Magnesium
  • Silicate minerals
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3
Q

Mantle

A

-thickest layer
- molten rock
- convection currents in upper mantle
- high temp & pressure
- mostly silicates

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4
Q

Core

A

Composed mainly of iron, nickel, cobalt

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5
Q

Outer core

A
  • liquid
  • Iron, Nickel, some lighter elements
  • convection currents causing magnetic field.
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6
Q

Inner core

A
  • solid
  • Mostly Fe with some Ni
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7
Q

Types of evidence

A
  • fit of continents
  • distribution of ancient fossils
  • similar rocks/mountain ranges
    -location of ancient climatic zones(e.g. marks from glaciers)
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8
Q

Evidence supporting theory of plate tectonics

A
  • Seafloor ridges
  • Paleomagnetism
  • Location of volcanic activity and earthquakes
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9
Q

Seafloor ridges

A
  • Under sea volcanic mountain ranges
  • Mid ocean ridges
  • New seafloor formed
  • Record of magnetic field locked
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10
Q

paleomagnetism

A
  • magnetic particles in molten rock align with magnetic field
  • Pattern of reversed polarity repeats on either side of ridges and explain formation through seafloor ridges
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11
Q

convection currents

A

-Liquid in constant motion
- Hot liquid rises up and cool goes down causing the plates to move
-in mantle and outer core

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12
Q

Subduction

A
  • Convergent boundaries
  • Lighter plate floats on top and other goes below and melts causing volcanoes to form
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13
Q

Divergent

A
  • Plate boundary where two plates diverge going outwards
  • Volcanoes
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14
Q

Convergent

A
  • Plate boundary where the plates go against each other
  • Volcanoes and earthquakes
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15
Q

Transform

A
  • Rub against each other
  • Earthquakes
  • stored friction gives way to form earthquakes
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16
Q

Hot spots

A
  • Stationary plumes of magma in the earth’s crust that slip through to form volcanoes.
  • Form islands
  • Help to find out speed of movement of tectonic plates.
17
Q

Folding

A
  • pressure exerted inwards from both ways
  • Bend in layers of rock
18
Q

Anticlyne

A
  • Upwards bend in folding
19
Q

Syncline

A
  • Downwards bend in folding
20
Q

Faulting

A
  • stresses overcome internal strengths of rock resulting in fracture
  • Displacement of once connected blocks of rock along a fault plane
21
Q

Normal fault

A
  • falls down
22
Q

Reverse fault

A
  • slides up
23
Q

Strike-slip fault

A
  • two blocks slide past each other
24
Q

Volcano location

A
  • Normally at plate boundaries
  • convergent or divergent
  • except hot spots
25
Q

Earthquake location

A
  • Normally at plate boundaries
  • normally at transform and convergent.
26
Q

Seismogram

A
  • a record of seismic waves from an earthquake
27
Q

Seismograph

A
  • measuring instrument that creates seismogram
28
Q

P-waves

A
  • solid and liquid
  • faster
  • longitudinal
29
Q

S-waves

A
  • slower
  • solid
  • transverse meaning at right angle to direction of travel
30
Q

Surface waves

A
  • travel just under earth’s surface
  • when source is close to the earth’s surface
  • slowest but most destructive
31
Q

Love

A
  • horizontal shearing of the ground
  • slightly faster than Rayleigh
32
Q

Rayleigh

A
  • travel as ripples
  • slowest
33
Q

Composite volcano

A
  • tall steep cones
  • explosive volcanoes
34
Q

Shield volcano

A
  • very large gently sloped
  • effusive (poured) volcanos
35
Q

Active, dormant, & extinct volcanoes

A
  • Active: erupting or recently erupted
  • Dormant: not erupted for over 20 years
  • have not erupted for thousands of years
36
Q

Earthquake measurements

A
  • measured using a seismograph
  • released in seismic waves
  • stronger the earthquake the higher the number on the Richter scale

Science Term 3 (1 decks)

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