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PAL > Study > Flashcards

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1
Q

Four advantages of cartridges?

A
  1. Easily loaded from breach
  2. Prevented gas leakage
  3. Largely waterproof
  4. More reliable.
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2
Q

How did a matchlock work?

A

Serpentine plunges wick into flash pan

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3
Q

How did wheel lock work?

A

Similar to cigarette lighter, steel of wheel against pyrites creates spark

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4
Q

How does a flint lock work?

A

Flint strikes the flash pan which creates the spark.

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5
Q

How does a percussion cap work?

A

Hammer hits cap full of explosive material which creates the spark.

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6
Q

What do all these have in common? Matchlock, wheellock, flint lock, percussion cap

A

Muzzle loaders, loaded through muzzle one shot per barrel.

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7
Q

A cartridge called shell is usedin what gun type?

A

Shotgun

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8
Q

What is a wad used for?

A

Separates powder from projectiles.

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9
Q

What role did firearms have in the development Canada? Of

A

Trading, hunting/source of food.

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10
Q

What is the name of a similar mechanism in a flintlock and wheel look?

A

Flashpan.

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11
Q

What is the most common type of black powder?

A

Fffg

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12
Q

What type of Black powder is used in primer?

A

Ffffg

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13
Q

What 3 types of muzzle loaders are still in use today?

A

Muskets, rifles and shotguns.

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14
Q

What makes muzzleloader safeto handle?

A

If it is not primed to fire.

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15
Q

What is the piece of equipment used to check if a muzzleloader is loaded called?

A

Ramrod.

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16
Q

What are the three marked lines on a ramrod

A

Empty, target load, hunting load.

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17
Q

Why must black powder firearms be cleaned after each firing session?

A

Black powder is corrosive and attracts moisture causing rust.

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18
Q

What is used to clean black powder? (2 things)

A

Black powder cleaning solvent or hot soapy water

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19
Q

What is the wait time of a hangfire?

A

60 seconds

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20
Q

What ppe should be used when firing muzzle loader?

A

Heaving protection and safety glasses.

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21
Q

What is a data stamp?

A

Cartridge information for the firearm identified by manufacturer

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22
Q

Where is the data stamp located on the firearm?

A

Barrel

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23
Q

What is the muzzle?

A

Opening at end of barrel where shot or bullet emerges from.

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24
Q

What are the 3 things that happen in the action?

A
  1. Chamber cartridge
  2. Fire ammunition
  3. Ejects cartridges, used or unused
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25
Q

What are 3 components of action?

A

Triggers, safeties and magazines.

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26
Q

Do all firing arms have safeties?

A

No

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27
Q

What type of firearm uses magazine?

A

Repeating.

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28
Q

2 types of magazine

A

Tubular or boxed

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29
Q

What is defined as a non-restricted firearm?

A

Long guns

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30
Q

What are 2 types of non-restricted firearms?

A

Shotguns and rifles.

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31
Q

What are the 6 common types of actions

A

Muzzle loader, hinge, bolt action, lever action, pump action, semi-auto

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32
Q

What are the 3 classifications of firearms?

A

Non-restricted, restricted, prohibited.

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33
Q

Explain firing sequence

A

Pull trigger, firing pin hits primer, primer explodes, flame from explosion ignites powder, powder burning produces gas, gas drives bullet.

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34
Q

What are two types of locking mechanisms?

A

Key or combination trigger lock, chain or cable lock

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35
Q

Do scopes substitute for binoculars?

A

No

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36
Q

How many hours a day are firearms and ammo your responsibility?

A

24

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37
Q

When do you unload a firearm before leaving firing range?

A

Before you leave shooting area.

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38
Q

What is a situation that is considered a dangerous background?

A

Target hasn’t been identified. Your in doubt. Nota clear field of fire. Area behind target hasn’t been checked. Shooting target at surface or water. Shooting target near building. Shooting target atopa hill. Shooting when someone is ahead.

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39
Q

What type of guns (2) are cartridges used in?

A

Rifle or handgun

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40
Q

What are 2 common types of cartridges?

A

Rim fire and centre fire?

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41
Q

What is the difference between rim fire and centre fire cartridges?

A

Where the primer is and where the firing pin strikes

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42
Q

Where is the head stamp located?

A

On the cartridge

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43
Q

What should the head stamp match?

A

Data stamp (on barrel)

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44
Q

How many components make up rifle cartridges?

A

4

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45
Q

What are the 4 components of a rifle cartridge?

A

Bullet, powder, case, primer,

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46
Q

how many different types of rifle bullets are there?

A

6

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47
Q

What are the 6 types of rifle bullets?

A

Round nose, hollow point, full metal jacket, spire point, partition, boat tail

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48
Q

What is dry firing?

A

Firing without cartridge in chamber

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49
Q

What is choke?

A

Narrowing of muzzle on shotgun

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50
Q

How many types of choke?

A

4

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51
Q

What are the 4 types of choke?

A

Full choke, modified choke, improved cylinder, cylinder bore

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52
Q

List chokes from tightest pattern to most open

A

Full _ modified - improved- cylinder

53
Q

A shotgun barrel with no choke is called?

A

Cylinder bore

54
Q

What are the 3 types of shotgun slugs?

A

Rifled, sabot, rounded

55
Q

What is a slug?

A

Single projectile in a shotgun

56
Q

How is a shotgun barrel sized?

A

Gauge

57
Q

What is the equation that equals gauge?

A

Of lead balls = 1 lbs for particular bore

58
Q

What shotgun is measured as a calibre?

A

• 410 -cal

59
Q

What type of choke would I want for hunting long range?

A

Full choke

60
Q

What 2 chokes are suitable for short range?

A

Improved cylinders and cylinder bore.

61
Q

How many components does A shotgun shell have?

A

5

62
Q

What are the components of a shotgun shell?

A

Hull, primer, powder, wad, shot/slug

63
Q

What is the difference between cartridge and shellcomponents?

A

Wad

64
Q

What is the wad used for?

A

Separates shot from powder

65
Q

What is the “case” on a shotgun called?

A

Hull

66
Q

Where is the primer on a shotgun shell?

A

Centre fire

67
Q

What is ballistics?

A

Study of projectiles in flight

68
Q

What 4 things effect trajectory?

A

Gravity, air resistance, velocity, mass.

69
Q

When can you store ammo and firearm in the same place?

A

In securely locked container.

70
Q

What is a primer pop / squib load?

A

When cartridge doesn’t contain gunpowder

71
Q

What is a hang fire?

A

Delayed fire

72
Q

What is a misfire?

A

When cartridge doesn’t fire

73
Q

Upon cease-fire command at range, what do you do?

A

Stop firing, unload, open action, firearm is placed on table and muzzle is pointed in safe direction, step behind cease-fire line

74
Q

What is defined as direct and immediate supervision?

A

Supervisor being within arms reach of the shooter at all times

75
Q

Can anyone call “Cease-fire”?

A

Yes

76
Q

When shooting semi-automatic, what should you think of when choosing a spot at the firing line?

A

Ejected casings

77
Q

What should you keep in mind when choosing a spot to on the firing line when shooting a smoky firearm?

A

Shooting from downwind of other shooters

78
Q

When is a safe zone used?

A

When shooting in a group

79
Q

What is a safe zone?

A

The area covered by a shooter

80
Q

What type of person of authority should be assigned when shooting in a group?

A

Range Officer

81
Q

Do range commands apply when shooting outside in a group?

A

Yes

82
Q

How many carrying positions are there?

A

6

83
Q

What are the 6 carrying positions?

A

Two handed/Ready carry, Cradle Carry, Elbow/Side carry, Trail Carry, Shoulder Carry, Sling Carry

84
Q

______ direction is important when carrying firearms

A

Muzzle

85
Q

Which is the safest carrying position?

A

Two Handed/ Ready Carry

86
Q

When is cradle carry a good option?

A

When shooting alone

87
Q

When is elbow or side carry safe?

A

When in open terrain

88
Q

When should you not use elbow/side carry?

A

When walking through bush

89
Q

Is it safe for someone to walk in front of you when you are side/elbow carrying?

A

NO

90
Q

When is trail carry best used?

A

Alone or standing still

91
Q

Is trail carry recommended when moving?

A

NO

92
Q

Which is the least safe carrying position?

A

Shoulder carry

93
Q

Should you use shoulder carry if others are with you?

A

No

94
Q

Do you have good muzzle control with shoulder carry?

A

NO

95
Q

Is it Unsafe to use shoulder carry with a loaded gun?

A

Yes

96
Q

What is the benefit of using sling carry?

A

Both hands are free

97
Q

When should you NOT use sling carry?

A

When walking through dense bush

98
Q

When is it dangerous for people in front when using sling carry?

A

When you Ben forward

99
Q

What direction is a safe direction to point your gun at a firing range?

A

Down Range

100
Q

What is marksmanship?

A

Ability to hit your target

101
Q

What 6 factors play a roll in good marksmanship?

A

Anticipation, shooting position, aim, trigger control, controlled breathing and follow through

102
Q

How many shooting positions are there? (Rifles)

A

4

103
Q

What are the 4 shooting positions of a rifle?

A

Standing, kneeling, sitting, prone

104
Q

How many shooting positions are there when shooting a shotgun?

A

1

105
Q

which is the least stable position to shoot in?

A

Standing

106
Q

What is the most stable position to shoot in?

A

Prone

107
Q

What position is best for long distance shots?

A

Prone

108
Q

How many types of sights are there?

A

4

109
Q

what are the 4 main sights?

A

Open, peep, telescopic, electronic

110
Q

Which type of firearm typically only has a front bead sight?

A

Shotgun

111
Q

What eye should you use for sighting?

A

Master Eye

112
Q

What is sight alignment?

A

Physically lining up both front and rear sights with the target

113
Q

Does an open sight require sight alignment?

A

Yes

114
Q

What is a sight picture?

A

When aiming a sight at a target

115
Q

Should you keep you eye right against the sight?

A

NO keep clear

116
Q

Scopes have a narrow field of view, what hazard can this create?

A

You may not see objects or people coming into the path of your shot

117
Q

Do you keep both eyes open when shooting a rifle?

A

NO

118
Q

Do you keep both eyes open when shooting a shotgun?

A

Yes

119
Q

Which should you place the shot gun against first? Shoulder or cheek?

A

Cheek

120
Q

When firing a rifle, which should you place the stock against first? Shoulder or cheek?

A

Shoulder

121
Q

Is holding you breath considered a natural pause?

A

NO

122
Q

When does the natural pause occur?

A

At the bottom of an exhale

123
Q

Typically how long is a natural pause?

A

2.5 seconds

124
Q

A lengthened natural pause lasts ~ how long?

A

8.5 seconds

125
Q

How do you lengthen a pause?

A

Breathe in deep, exhale sharply, breathe in deep exhale normally

126
Q

When firing a rifle, how should you pull the trigger?

A

Slow and Steady / smoothly

127
Q

How should you pull a trigger on a shotgun?

A

Slap the trigger, quick but not hard

128
Q

What are three unacceptable targets?

A

Targets you are unsure of, targets that can’t be shot safely, shots that are not legal to shoot

129
Q

Why is trigger control important?

A

To ensure you don’t send the shot off target

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