Study Flashcards
Apple tech that enables communication between network devices
Bonjour
What type of printer uses impact to print?
Dot matrix
component that is the equivalent of a print head for a 3D printer
extruder
a component found in laser printers that charges the drum so it attract the toner
corona wire
a component found in laser printers that’s charged with electrical current and contains the image of the page this is to be output
drum
a component found in laser printers; paper passes through a hot roller and pressure roller to fuse the toner to the paper
fuser
a component found in inkjet printers that holds the print heads and moves side to side, printing one line at a time
carriage
a number that acts as an identifier on a mobile phone
MEID (Mobile Equipment ID)
connects storage devices (hard disk, CD-ROM, etc)
SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)
Intel proprietary port that uses USB C in the newest version
Thunderbolt
Intel proprietary port that uses USB C in the newest version. used in Apple workstations and laptops
Thunderbolt
Apple proprietary 8-pin connector that uses USB; used by Apple’s iPhone and iPad devices, and may require a special adapter when interfacing with other devices.
Lightning
a combination of hard disk and SSD; has a traditional magnetic disk with a cache of flash memory
hybrid disk drive
a new form factor for SSD; faster, lighter, less power consumption than traditional hard disk or SSD
M.2 Solid State Drive
drive that uses flash memory and is faster, lighter and uses less power than hard disk drives
Solid State Drive
a drive that uses a traditional magnetic disk; low cost, but not as fast as SSD
hard disk drive
a component found on laptops that have touchscreens; registers input on the screen
digitizer
a component found in laptops that use LCD TFT that illuminates the display with fluorescent light
inverter
what size are laptop hard disks?
2.5” inches, or 1.8” in ultraportable laptops
What size are desktop computer hard disks?
3.5”
a legacy memory module used in desktops in the 1990s
SIMM (Simple In-line Memory Module)
a high performance memory module used in desktops
RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)
a memory module that is a smaller version of the SODIMM, found on small form factor portables
Mini-DIMM (Mini Dual In-line Memory Module)
the most common memory module form factor for laptops and other small devices that feature upgradeable memory
SODIMM (Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module)
What display types don’t use an inverter?
OLED, LCD, LED
A display type similar to a LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) with LED (Light Emitting Diode), except each pixel is self-illuminated.
OLED
a common laptop display type. This type of display uses a fluorescent light with a power inverter to illuminate the display.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) TFT (Thin Film Transistor)
provides another way of attaching expansion cards that cannot fit inside of a chassis.
riser card
usually comes in cable form with a USB connector at the other end. This makes it possible to connect a SATA hard drive outside of the computer to a USB port.
SATA adapter
common network connector that uses twisted pair cable to connect computers with other computers in a LAN (Local Area Network)
RJ-45
a common connector used for telephone systems. A network modem receiving DSL (digital subscriber line) or broadband Internet travels through this connector.
RJ-11
a standard video connector that connects from motherboard to computer monitor and is available on most electronic platforms.
VGA (Video Graphics Array)
high-speed standard peripheral connector available on most electronic platforms such as laptops, motherboards, and external hard drives.
USB 3.0
a common video display interface that carries both analog and digital signals.
DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
What are the troubleshooting steps?
- Identify the problem.
- Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious and if necessary conduct internal or external research based on symptoms).
- Test the theory to determine cause
- Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution.
- Verify full system functionality, and if applicable, implement preventative measures.
- Document findings, actions, and outcomes.
the most widely used graphic device interface. It is ubiquitous on consumer electronics.
HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) (Type A)
this was the standard analog video interface for PC devices for a very long time; however, it is now being phased out in lieu of digital High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI).
VGA (Video Graphics Array)
a Graphical Application Programming Interface (API) that allows the software to interact with the GPU
DirectX
memory built-in to the CPU to allow quick access to frequently accessed information.
L1 cache
a second-generation virtualization extension created by Intel that uses SLAT (Second Level Address Translation) technology. It improves the MMU (Memory Management Unit) which handles shadow page tables that translates virtual memory to physical memory.
EPT (Extended Page Table)
second-generation virtualization extension created by AMD that also uses SLAT technology and improves translation of virtual memory to physical memory.
RVI (Rapid Virtualization Indexing)
a first-generation virtualization extension created by Intel. Usually enabled by default, it is required to run virtualization hypervisors such as VMware’s ESXi.
VT (Virtualization Technology)
a first-generation virtualization extension created by AMD. Usually enabled by default, it is also required to run virtualization hypervisors.
AMD-V
a chip on the motherboard that works with BitLocker technology to securely store the keys that are used to encrypt the hard drive contents.
Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
newer firmware on motherboards that supports 64-bit CPU operation, a full GUI (Graphical User Interface) and mouse operation, network functionality, and better security at boot. It does not provide hard drive encryption.
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
The ATX12V version 2 PSU (Power Supply Unit) specification uses what type of connector to power a motherboard?
24-pin P1 connector
This connector is commonly available on most PSUs and are used to power devices such as ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) hard drives, internal computers fans, and other lower-powered peripherals.
4-pin molex connector
connectors that supply +12 V and +5 V power for peripheral devices housed within the system case.
15-pin (1x15) SATA (Serial ATA) connectors
connector used to supply an extra 75 W power (+12 V) to PCIe graphics cards.
6-pin (2x3) connector
Slimline or small form factor desktop PCs are rated to use a PSU (Power Supply Unit) around what amount of wattage?
100-200 W. It has less internal parts than a standard desktop PC.
Tower systems (or workstations) that use complex software like CAD (Computer-aided design), and servers are rated to use a PSU (Power Supply Unit) at what amount of wattage?
> 300 W
The PSU found in a standard desktop PC is typically rated at what wattage?
200-300 W
You power on your IBM PC and you hear a continuous beep during post. What seems to be the problem?
power supply, motherboard, or system memory problem
You power on your IBM PC and you hear 1 short beep during post. What seems to be the problem?
normal post, system is OK
You power on your IBM PC and you hear Repeating short beeps during post. What seems to be the problem?
power supply, motherboard, or keyboard problem
You power on your IBM PC and you hear 1 long, 2 or 3 short beeps during post. What seems to be the problem?
display adapter error
an early type of device used to implement the Ethernet cabling design referred to as a star topology. A multiport repeater.
Hub
A device responsible for moving data around a network of networks, known as an internetwork or internet. Forwards packets over the network
router
a device that replaces the functions of both a hub and a bridge on modern networks. Connects nodes together into a single network. Establishes a point-to-point link between any two nodes in a network
Ethernet switch
a legacy networking device that was used to divide a local network into two or more segments.
bridge
What is installed in a PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) slot of a motherboard to enable the device to communicate wirelessly via the 802.11 wireless standard?
A wireless network card
a dial-up service that makes use of copper telephone wiring. It can use higher speeds than dial-up since it can transmit signatures for both voice and data over the line.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
connection service that uses the higher frequencies available in a copper telephone line. It is always on and is not a dial-up technology.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
converts the client’s private Internet Protocol (IP) address into a public IP address.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
assigns Internet Protocol (IP) addresses automatically when a device connects to the network. This makes network services available to users.
A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server
translates Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. This makes network services available by allowing users to access resources on the network using the FQDN.
A Domain Name System (DNS) server
In the 2.4 GHz band, what are the only non-overlapping channels which provide the necessary 5 MHz of spacing between channels in the US?
1, 6, and 11
A Windows tool that can help diagnose latency issues on a network. It returns the details of the route taken including the time it takes a packet to return from each point along the route.
tracert
This Windows tool will tell you Internet Protocol (IP) settings on a host
ipconfig
This tool can be used to investigate open ports and connections on a local host. Can verify whether email and file sharing ports are open on a server
netstat
a proprietary wireless communications protocol used primarily for home automation.
Z-Wave
an open source communications protocol that is primarily for home automation and operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, causing it to have a risk of interference with other devices operating in this frequency band
Zigbee
Which hypervisor runs without an underlying operating system and is known as a bare metal hypervisor?
type 1 hypervisor
Which type of hypervisor runs on an operating system as is known as a host-based hypervisor?
type 2 hypervisor
a cloud computing characteristic where resources can be provisioned (in some cases automatically) to scale up or down as required by the customer
Rapid Elasticity
a processor feature that can be found in both Intel and AMD processors. This technology improves the performance of virtual memory when multiple virtual machines are running.
Second Level Address Translations (SLAT)
What is AMR used for?
audio and modems (Audio Modem Riser)
What is CMR used for?
network and digital audio (Communications Network Riser)
Which expansion slot can only be found in a desktop computer?
PCI express (PCIe)
What are the four versions of PCIe?
1x, 4x, 8x, 16x
What are PCIe 1x and 4x used for?
modems, network cards, USB expansion slots, input/output devices
What are PCIe 8x and 16x used for?
Graphics
What is miniPCI used for?
Laptops
What does the north bridge connect the CPU with?
Memory, PCIe/AGP graphics cards, other high-speed components
What does the south bridge connect the CPU with?
Slower components: mass storage, USB ports, PCI expansion slots, CMOS, port clusters for I/O
What port does telnet use?
Port 23
Which processor architecture is 32 bit?
x86
Which processor architecture is 64 bit?
x64
Which processors (Intel or AMD) have a repeated digit?
Intel
Data transfer protocol that is connection oriented, reliably transfers segments, acknowledgement for successful communications
TCP (Transmission control protocol)
Data transfer protocol that is unreliable, connectionless, good for audio and video streaming, fast
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Tool used with copper cabling to verify continuity, resistance, amperage, or voltage; verify a cable is broken or not
Can also be used to test a power source or power supply
Multimeter
Tool that connects the transmit pins (fibers) to the receive pins to test network interfaces
Used with diagnostic software to test Ethernet connectivity of a client
Loopback plug
Tool used to terminate wires on a block without stripping off the insulation mused with 66 block, 110 block, network jacks, patch panels
Punchdown tool
Tool that allows you to place a tone generator at one end of a connection and use the probe on a punchdown block to a divinely detect to which pair of wires the tone generator is connected
Good for if not labeled well
Toner probe
Tool used to attach a connector to the end of a cable, making your own cables of non standard length
Crimper
allows for very short range data transmission (up to about 20 cm/8 in) from mobile device to activate a receiver chip in the contactless credit card reader
NFC (Near Field Communication)
allows the mobile device to interact with appliances such as TVs and set-top boxes. An app on the device can be installed to allow the mobile device to be used as a remote control for the appliance.
IF (infrared)
Allows multiple computers to be controlled via a single keyboard, mouse, and monitor
Keyboard, Video, Mouse (KVM)
Enhanced parity memory that can detect internal data errors and make corrections
ECC (Error Checking and Correcting) memory
Which RAID is two drives acting as a single drive, using striping to increase performance and SPEED.
If either drive fails, data is lost
RAID 0
Which RAID is two drives acting as a mirror of each other for REDUNDANCY
Faster read performance than a single drive and instantaneous backup?
RAID 1
Which RAID is at least four drives combining striping plus mirroring for extra SPEED AND REDUNDANCY? Hot swappable drives can be pulled for failure while online
RAID 10
Which RAID uses three or more drives treated as a single logical drive, using striping across drives and parity spread across array to recover data if another drive fails? Hot swappable drives can be pulled for failure while online? SPEED AND REDUNDANCY
RAID 5
What are the 4 layers of the TCP/IP model?
Link or Network Interface layer—Ethernet, wi-fi, local network
Internet layer—provides packet addressing and routing at the network layer, IP
Transport—TCP and UCP
Application protocols—there are numerous protocols used for network configuration, management, and services
power adapter/cable for server-class hardware
- 8 pins
- 4 pairs of yellow and black wires
- 12V
Entry-level Power Supply (EPS)
power adapter/cable used to attach internal drives to the motherboard
- multi-colored cables (sometimes 5)
- 3.3V, 5V, 12V
SATA
Which power adapter/connector supplies extra power to graphics cards, rated at 12V, had six pins but recently increased to eight pins, black and yellow wires?
power adapter/connector that supplies extra power to graphics cards
- 6 pins originally, now 8
- black and yellow wires
- 12V
PCIe
Power adapter/cable used for power from the PSU to the motherboard
- long 24 pin connector
- black, yellow, orange, and red wires
- yellow = 12V
- red = 5V
- orange = 3.3V
P1
power adapter/cable for peripheral devices inside case
- white w/4 pins
- red, yellow, black wires
- 5V or 12 V
Molex
If you are dealing with connecting two networks over a long distance (over a few hundred meters), what type of cable should you use?
Fiber
concept that allows a virtual environment to allocate memory and processing capacity for a VMs use.
resource pooling
prefix for coaxial cable connector types
RG
RG-6, RG-58, RG-59
prefix for twisted pair connectors
RJ
RJ-45, RJ-11
twisted pair serial port connector
DB-9
connectors for fiber optic cable
SC (Subscriber Connector)
ST (straight tip connector)
LC (lucent connector)
MTRJ (mechanical transfer-registered jack - switches)
maximum distance for twisted pair cables
100 meters
how many bits is a IPv6 address?
128 bits
how many bits is a IPv4 address?
32
what are the three analog video connectors?
S-Video, RCA, VGA
what are the two digital video connectors?
HDMI, DVI-D
the quietest form factor, used for home theaters
mini-ITX
wireless connection method using ground-based microwave antennas aligned with one another
Line of Sight (LOS)
type of internet connection allows for high-speed bi-directional data communication over a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) connection?
cable
what IP can you ping to test your network interface card?
localhost
127.0.0.1
is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area for the primary purpose of computer networking. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits. This is usually a DSL, cable connection, fiber connection, or satellite connection in a home network.
wide area network (WAN)
printing of a sheet of paper on both sides automatically
duplex printing
provides a full virtualized desktop environment from within a cloud-based service
DaaS (Desktop as a Service) or VDI (Virtualized Desktop Infrastructure)
loopback address
refers to the device itself
Class A
127.x.x.x
APIPA
dynamically assigned by OS when DHCP is not available
Class B
169.254.x.x
Post: 2 short beeps
POST error—error code shown on screen.
Post: continuous beep
Power supply, motherboard, or system memory problem.
Post: no beep
Power supply or motherboard problem (use a multimeter to check the onboard speaker is functioning).
Post: repeating short beep
Power supply, motherboard, or keyboard problem.
Post: 1 long, 1 short beep
Motherboard problem.
1 long, 2 or 3 short beeps
Display adapter error.
Post: 3 long beeps
3270 keyboard card.
