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NURSING EXAM #2 > Study > Flashcards

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1
Q

an established and growing area of specialization in nursing.

A

Nursing informatics

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2
Q

Computers are incredibly

A

fast, accurate and stupid.

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3
Q

Human beings are incredibly

A

slow, inaccurate, and brilliant.

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4
Q

In the 21st century, information is

A

doubling every 5 years

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5
Q

Technology also facilitates the ______ in nurses,

A

creative process

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6
Q

Healthcare is dependent on

A

information.

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7
Q

Every action taken depends on

A

previous information and knowledge.

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8
Q

The Nursing Informatics model includes

A

cognitive science
computer science
information science

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9
Q

informatics is a combination of

A

“information” and “automation” which means automatic information processing

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10
Q

“ the application of computer technology to all fields of nursing – nursing services, nurse education and nursing research.”

A

1980, Scholes and Barber

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11
Q

Functions of computers in nursing practice

A

record information, provide access to other departments, manage schedules

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12
Q

Telecommunications technology is used to

A

assess, diagnose, and treat at a distance.

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13
Q

telehealth devices include

A

BP, glucometers, peak flow, pulse oximeters, scales, video monitors

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14
Q

Does telehealth transcend state boundaries, true or false?

A

true

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15
Q

Biometric technology uses human characteristics to

A

to authenticate or grant access to data or information

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16
Q

examples of biometric technology include

A

fingerprints, retinas, irises, voices, facial patterns

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17
Q

bedside data entry records clients..

A

assessments, medication administration, progress notes, care plan updating, client acuity and accrued changes.

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18
Q

computer-based client record provides

A

easy retrieval of data.

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19
Q

computer-based client records help

A

work providers about conflicting meds or client parameters that indicate dangerous conditions

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20
Q

Electronic Access to Clients allows

A 
Assess and Monitor clients conditions.
Data storage for research . 
Can monitor client
Computerized diagnosis
Telemedicine
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21
Q

practice management is in charge of

A

Order supplies from other depts.
Determine most costly items used by unit.
Modify budget, staffing, increase efficiency.

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22
Q

Human resources

A

employee database, administration services.

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23
Q

Medical records management allow client records to be

A

searched for trends, number of cases, client outcomes.

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24
Q

Facilities management

A

heating, AC, ventilation, alarms.

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25
Q

Budget and finance

A

claims are transmitted more quickly. Can also affect cost-savings by reducing service times.

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26
Q

Information literacy

A

The ability to determine when information is needed and how one can locate, evaluate and use the information appropriately

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27
Q

Information technology

A

The hardware and software that facilitates the storage, retrieval, communication, and management of information

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28
Q

Computer literacy

A

The knowledge and understanding of computers combined with the ability to use them effectively

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29
Q

Problem Identification

A

useful in locating current literature and related concepts.

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30
Q

Literature review

A

software facilitate searches, appropriate terms.

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31
Q

Why are you doing the search? Why do you need the information?

A

Purpose-Focus-Approach

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32
Q

Broad and general (basic information for you).
Lay-oriented ( to give to patient)
Professionally oriented (for colleagues)
Narrow and technical with a research orientation

A

focus

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33
Q

Edu

A

educational institution

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34
Q

Org

A

non-profit organization

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35
Q

Com

A

commercial enterprise

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36
Q

Net

A

internet service provider

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37
Q

Gov

A

governmental body

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38
Q

Mil

A

military

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39
Q

Specific criteria useful in evaluating a website

A

Authority with regard to topic
Author and author’s credentials.
Author’s contact information.
Affiliation of website

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40
Q

Evaluating Information on the Internet

A

Objectivity, accuracy, currency, and usability

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41
Q

Objectivity

A

purpose clear, information factual or opinion, primary or secondary, sponsor

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42
Q

Accuracy

A

documentation and referencing

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43
Q

Currency

A

look for dates, compare with current literature

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44
Q

Usability

A

well-designed, stable, easy to use. Error –free and readable by intended audience.

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45
Q

The 6 Competencies

A 
Patient/Family-Centered Care
Teamwork and Collaboration
Safety
Evidence-based Practice
Quality Improvement
Informatics
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46
Q

Components

A

Knowledge
Skills
Attitude

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47
Q

Listen to the patient and demonstrate compassion and respect.

A

Old Patient/Family-Centered Care

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48
Q

Recognize the patient or designee as the
source of control and
full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on
respect for patient’s preferences, values, and needs

A

New Patient/Family-Centered Care

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49
Q

Work side by side with other HC professionals while performing
nursing skills.

A

old Collaboration and Teamwork

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50
Q

Function effectively within nursing and inter-professional teams,
fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision-
making to achieve quality patient care

A

new Collaboration and Teamwork

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51
Q

Adhere to internal policies and procedures.

A

old Evidence-Based Practice

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52
Q

Integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care.

A

new Evidence-Based Practice

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53
Q

Use data to monitor outcomes of care processes and improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve quality and safety of health care systems

A

new quality improvement

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54
Q

Update nursing policies and procedures, chart audits of documentation

A

old quality improvement

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55
Q

focus on individual performance, vigilance to keep patients safe.

A

old safety

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56
Q

Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.

A

new safety

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57
Q

What is patient safety?

A

Decreased risk of harm by individual actions or system design.

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58
Q

Who is responsible for patient safety?

A

All of us

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59
Q

When do we address a “safety issue”?

A

As soon as we see it.

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60
Q

Use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error and support decision-making

A

Informatics Definition

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61
Q

timely and accurate documentation

A

old informatics

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62
Q

Use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision-making

A

new informatics

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63
Q

What is your responsibility? (informatics)

A

Timely, accurate data collection
Timely, complete documentation
No falsification of information.
It is up to you to keep patient data “clear and concise” so you don’t muddy the water.

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64
Q

A rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority.

A

law

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64
Q

A rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority.

A

law

65
Q

the minimum ethic, written down and enforced; behavior that is not merely desired but mandated.

A

law

66
Q

statutory Law is written by

A

legislative bodies.

67
Q

Violation is considered a

A

criminal offense and prosecuted by government authorities.

68
Q

HIPPA (1996)

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

68
Q

HIPPA (1996)

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

69
Q

Detail the conduct of licensed nurses and define behaviors of all health care professionals in promoting public health and welfare.

A

state statutes

70
Q

Nurse practice act
State board procedure
Child abuse reporting

A

state statutes

71
Q

Licensure regulated by

A

each state

72
Q

Good Samaritan Laws (1998) protects health professionals

A

stopping to help in emergencies

73
Q

Public Health Law laws were created to promote

A

health and reduce health risks in communities (school immunizations, reporting communicable diseases)

74
Q

Uniform Determination of Death Act (1980) changed standards for

A

determining death

75
Q

Derives from common usage, custom, and judicial law.
Based on occurrences of events.
Less clear and exact
Fluid and changes over time.

A

common law

76
Q

Addresses the general welfare of the public.
Carries a punishment
felony
misdemeanor

A

criminal law

77
Q

legal disputes between parties

A

civil law

78
Q

civil wrongs committed by one person against another person or a person’s property.

A

TORTS

79
Q 
Physical harm
Psychological harm
Harm to livelihood
Harm to reputation
Unintentional tort
A

torts

80
Q

Signed consent is required for

A

all routine treatment, hazardous procedures, some treatments, and research

81
Q

a client has the right to be fully informed of the risks, benefits, alternatives, and consequences of refusal for surgery or invasive procedure

A

Informed consent

82
Q

Student nurses are liable if their actions

A

cause harm to patients (liability is usually shared)

83
Q

Inadequate staffing/ patient ratios

A

short staffing

84
Q

Assignments to a department where the nurse does not normally work

A

floating

85
Q

Nursing judgment when carrying out

A

Physician’s orders

86
Q

conduct that does not show due care.

A

Negligence

87
Q

the negligence of a specially trained or educated person in the performance of the job.

A

Malpractice

88
Q

The nurse owed a duty to the client.
The nurse did not carry out that duty.
The client was injured.
The nurse’s failure to carry out the duty caused the injury.

A

examples of malpractice

89
Q

A system for ensuring appropriate nursing care and identifying hazards before harm is done to a client.

A

risk management

90
Q

steps in risk management

A 
Identify 
 Analyze 
  reduce
 Evaluate 
 Incident/ occurrence reports
91
Q

Transfers the legal and any settlement costs related to a suit from the individual to an insurance company.

A

Liability Insurance

92
Q

meeting customers’ expectations in the delivery of clinically effective, efficient, and affordable health care services.

A

quality

93
Q

an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury or the risk thereof.

A

Sentinel Event

94
Q

the terms “sentinel event” and “medical error” are not

A

synonymous

95
Q 
Communication
orientation/training
Patient assessment
Staffing
Availability of information
competency/credentialing
Procedural compliance
Environment safety and security
Leadership
Continuum of care
Care Planning
Organization culture
A

Root causes of sentinel events

96
Q

the provision of services that meet an appropriate standard

A

Quality Assurance

97
Q

a continuous process involving all levels of the organization working together across departmental lines to produce better services for health care clients.

A

Quality Improvement

98
Q

Who was the first nurse to engage in quality improvement activities?

A

Florence

99
Q

Who is on the team?

A

staff nurse
nurse manager
QA coordinator
nurse executive

100
Q

Right site, Right patient, Right surgery

A

make sure there are identifiers for each patient and they receive the appropriate care and surgery.

101
Q

innovative approaches to provide care to different patient populations.

A

Care Models

102
Q

resource nurse –
clinical nurse specialist.
specialized training of staff nurses
based on the idea that nurses know the most about their patients.

A

Examples of a Care Model Approach

103
Q

Dedicated unit approach pays special attention to:

A

physical environment
interdisciplinary collaboration
nurse-initiated clinical protocols of care
activity rooms

104
Q

identify a specific clinical syndrome that’s common to their patient population.
develop clinical and educational tools to detect and manage the disease.
improves comprehensive care delivery.

A

Syndrome – Specific Model

105
Q

nurse specialist with advanced knowledge and skills follow a patient throughout the hospital stay and continuing after discharge.
assesses patients upon hospital admission and every 48 hours and then when home.

A

Quality cost model of transitional care

106
Q

Defining Characteristics of Nursing Practice

A

Human Responses
Theory Application
Nursing Actions
Outcomes

107
Q

Focus on health promotion and illness prevention

A

Primary Prevention

108
Q

Focus on health promotion and illness prevention

A

Primary Prevention

109
Q

Focus on early disease detection, treatment
Prevent progression of the disease
Early detection through screening

A

Secondary Prevention

110
Q

Focus on restoring function, decreasing disease=related complications
Includes rehabilitation and palliative care

A

Tertiary Prevention

111
Q 
Physician’s offices
Clinics
Community health centers
Public health service organizations
Often the entry point for managed care.
A

primary Care delivery

112
Q

Hospital
Outpatient surgical center
Specialist’s office

A

Secondary care delivery

113
Q

Hospital
Acute care facility
Rehabilitation center
Extended care facility

A

Tertiary care delivery

114
Q

Offered by employers as part of the benefits package
Administered by private companies
Purchased individually

A

Private Insurance

115
Q

Primary care providers
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO)
Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO)
Exclusive Provider Organizations (EPO)

A

Managed care

116
Q

Must stay in-network
Must select PCP
Must get a referral to see a specialist

A

Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO)

117
Q

Must stay in-network
Don’t select a PCP
No referral necessary

A

Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO)

118
Q

Not required to stay in-network
Don’t select PCP
No referral necessary

A

Exclusive Provider Organizations (EPO)

119
Q

payment before the insurer pays for services.

A

Deductible

120
Q

the fixed amount required to be paid for services.

A

co-payment

121
Q

maximum amount to be paid.

A

annual limits

121
Q

maximum amount to be paid.

A

annual limits

122
Q

fees billed per unit of service

A

Fee for service

123
Q

pre-paid fixed fee per person

A

Capitation

124
Q 
Covers elderly (65 and older) and non-elderly with disabilities.
Administered by the federal government (single-payer)
A

medicare

125
Q

Medicare is financed through

A

Federal income taxes
Payroll taxes
Out of pocket payments by enrollees

126
Q

Four Parts

A

A: hospital insurance
B: supplemental insurance
C: managed care
D: prescription drugs

127
Q

Covers certain low-income individuals
Administered by the state government.
Financed jointly by the state and federal governments

A

medicaid

128
Q

Supplements Medicaid by covering low-income children who are ineligible for Medicaid.
Administered and financed similarly to Medicaid.

A

State Children’s Health Program (S-CHIP)

129
Q

Health benefits plan available to all veterans.
Services delivered through VA health care facilities
Financed by the federal government

A

Veterans Health Administration

130
Q

Available on reservations

A

Indian Health Service

131
Q

Care coordination
Case management
Disease management
Outcomes management

A

Implications for nursing

132
Q

Meeting the standard of state governmental agency

A

-certification
Department of health
Medicare/Medicaid

133
Q

Meeting the standards of a non-governmental agency

A

-accreditation
Joint commission
chap

134
Q

Established by the American college of surgeons and the American society of internal medicine
Evaluate the structural aspects of instructions, policies and procedures, and outcomes of care providers
Looks at the physical plant, the process of care delivery and evaluation, and quality improvement care

A

Joint Commission

135
Q

A system of principles concerning the actions of the nurse in his or her relationships with patients, patients’ family members, other health care providers, policy makers and society as a whole.

A

Nursing Ethics

136
Q 
Autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Confidentiality
Veracity
Accountability
A

Ethical Principles

137
Q

The freedom to make decisions about oneself

A

Autonomy

138
Q

Requires that no harm be caused to an individual, either unintentionally or deliberately

A

Nonmaleficence

138
Q

Requires that no harm be caused to an individual, either unintentionally or deliberately

A

Nonmaleficence

139
Q

This principle means “doing good” for others

A

Beneficence

140
Q

Nurses need to assist clients in meeting all their needs

A

Biological
Psychological
Social

141
Q

Every individual must be treated equally

A

Justice

142
Q

Loyalty
The promise to fulfill all commitments
The basis of accountability

A

Fidelity

143
Q

Anything stated to nurses or health-care providers by clients must remain confidential

A

Confidentiality

144
Q

The only times this principle may be violated are:

A

If clients may indicate harm to themselves or others or

If the client gives permission for the information to be shared

145
Q

This principle implies “truthfulness”

A

Veracity

146
Q

Individuals need to be responsible for their own actions

A

Accountability

147
Q

These are formal statements of the rules of behavior for a particular group of individuals
Ethical codes are dynamic
Most professions have a “code of ethics” to guide professional behavior

A

ethical codes

148
Q

The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by
considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.

A

provision 1

149
Q

The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group or community.

A

Provision 2

150
Q

The nurse promotes, advocates for and strives to protect the health, safety and rights
of the patient.

A

Provision 3

151
Q

The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse’s obligation to provide optimum patient care.

A

Provision 4

152
Q

The nurse owes the same duties to self as others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence and to continue personal and professional growth.

A

Provision 5

153
Q

The nurse participates in establishing, maintaining and improving healthcare environments and conditions of employment conducive to the provision of quality healthcare and consistent with the values of the profession through individual and collective action.

A

Provision 6

154
Q

The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration and knowledge development.

A

Provision 7

155
Q

The nurse collaborates with other professionals and the public in promoting community, national and international efforts to meet health needs.

A

Provision 8

156
Q

The profession of nursing, as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice and for shaping social policy.

A

Provision 9

157
Q 
Informed Consent
Refusal of treatment
Use of scarce resources
Cost- containment initiatives that negatively affect client well-being
Incompetent health care providers
A

Frequently Occurring Ethical Dilemmas

NURSING EXAM #2 (1 decks)

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