Study Flashcards
1
Q
Two cities that dominated Ancient Greece
A
Sparta and Athens
2
Q
Greek city state that was a leader in philosophy, and arts.
A
Athens
3
Q
City state devoted to agriculture and the military. Located inland.
A
Sparta
4
Q
Spartan military regimen mandatory for all boys.
A
The agoge.
5
Q
The Golden Age of Greece occurred during the
A
5th century be
6
Q
The Hellenistic Age was during the
A
4th Century BC
7
Q
Lived in a concentrated area along the lower parts of the Nile River around 3000 BC.
A
The Egyptians
8
Q
Egyptians prospered near the Nile because of ______and _______
A
Flooding predictions and irrigation
9
Q
Egyptians developed
A
Writing
10
Q
Egyptians farmed ______ from the valley and surrounding desert.
A
Minerals
11
Q
Egyptians developed a ________ for defense.
A
Military
12
Q
Egyptians formulated an effective system of_________
A
Medicine
13
Q
Egyptians organized _______with one of their achievements being their _________
A
Collective construction, pyramids
14
Q
Pyramids were built as ________
A
Tombs for the Pharoahs
15
Q
Peasants worked on the pyramids in exchange for______and_______
A
Food and water
16
Q
Shape of the pyramids symbolized________
A
The slanting rays of the sun, while the sloping sides were meant to help the souls of the pharaohs ascend.
17
Q
The Holy Roman Empire existed from_______to ________
A
982 to1806
18
Q
The Holy Roman Empire was founded by _______ who had reunited most of the land formerly belonging to _________ .
A
Otto the Great, Charlemagne.
19
Q
Otto was crowned by the Pope in_______
A
962
20
Q
The lands under Otto the Great became known as_________.
A
The Holy Roman Empire
21
Q
The succession of the crown of the Holy Roman Empire remained unbroken for _________
A
8 centuries
22
Q
Otto involved the _________ but limited it’s power.
A
The church
23
Q
The buying and selling of important positions.
A
Simony
24
Q
In the Holy Roman Empire,the ___________ gradually came to grow more power, that eventually led to it controlling people’s everyday lives.
A
The church
25
One of Ottos legacies was the rivalry between ________
Church and State
26
Christopher Columbus was born in
Genoa Italy
27
Christopher Columbus was a ________ .
Trader
28
After years of searching, Columbus found financial backing from ________ and ________ in _________.
King Ferdinand, and Queen Isabella of Spain in 1492.
29
Columbus was trying to find___________
A trade route to Asia by heading West,
30
Columbus landed near _______but thought he had reached ________
South America/The Indies.
31
Columbus made ___ voyages to what he thought were ________
4, West Indies
32
Columbus 3 ships
Niña, Pinta, Santa Maria
33
Man after whom America is named
Amerigo Vespucci
34
The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the _______ on________
Continental Congress, July 4 1776
35
The Declaration of Independence said King George III_________
Violated the rights of American Colonists
36
The Declaration of Independence announced that the 13 colonies considered themselves as_______ and no longer part of ________
Independent States, The British Empire
37
The Declaration of Independence said that the new states were forming a new Union called_________
The United States.
38
________ pushed for Independence.
John Adams
39
The 13 colonies elected unanimously on_________ pushed for independence.
July 2,1776
40
John Adams convinced______ to write the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Jefferson
41
Jefferson was influenced by_________as evidenced in his ideas about natural right.
John Locke
42
Jefferson felt the purpose of government was to protect ___________
The rights of the people.
43
The Declaration of Independence was ratified by the _________ on __________
Continental Congress/ July 4 1776
44
The purchase of the Louisiana Territory in_______ more than _____ the size of the US.
1803, doubled
45
________ wanted this territory mapped, because it was considered _________
Thomas Jefferson, wilderness
46
Lewis and Clark’s travelled from______ to_______
May 1804/ September 1806
47
Lewis and Clarke were looking for _______
A water route connecting the Missouri River with the Pacific Ocean
48
The Lewis and Clarke expedition drew a variety of ______ and recorded their encounters in _______
Maps/ journals
49
Lewis and Clarke noted ______ native tribes and _______ new plant and animal species.
70, 200
50
The first continental Congress met in ________ on _______ with representatives from _________ of the 13 colonies.
Philadelphia on September 5 1774, 12
51
Georgia did not send representatives due to needing British help with ______________
Native Americans
52
The Goals of the First Continental Congress was to achieve a __________ with Britain.
Peaceful agreement
53
The First Continental Congress demanded that the ____________ be repealed.
Intolerable Acts
54
Colonial assemblies gathered ____ and formed ______
Weapons and formed militias
55
On________ the British military was ordered to end a meeting of the Massachusetts Assembly.
April 19,1775
56
The second continental Congress met in ________ on ____________.
Philadelphia, May 10 1775
57
The 2nd Continental Congress focused on the ________ of the American Colonies and the formation of _________.
Defense, Local Government
58
During the 2nd Continental Congress, delegates discussed declaring _____________ from Britain.
Independence
59
The 2nd Continental Congress established the ________ and named________ as commander in chief.
Continental Army, George Washington
60
In ____ Missouri asked to enter the union as a ________
1821, slave state
61
Missouri coming in as a slave state would have made the number of slave states _____ while there were ________ free states.
12/ 11
62
James Tallmadge proposed _________ in Missouri.
Abolishing slavery
63
The Missouri Compromise said Missouri would enter as a _______ but that __________ would separate from Massachusetts and become a _________.
Slave state, Maine, free state
64
The Missouri Compromise left larger areas to________
free lands
65
The Northern Side of the Civil War had ______ states with ______ people.
22 states, 22 million people.
66
During the Civil War. The North contained most of the United States industrial materials like______, ________,and ________, as well as ________ of industry.
Iron, coal, and copper. 92%
67
The union had twice as many _______ as the confederacy.
Railroad tracks
68
The union had an advantage in the number of _______ over the confederacy.
Troops
69
Most Northern Tropps had volunteered or been conscripted by ________
1863
70
Former confederate states were forced to comply with the 15th Ammendment based on the___________
military reconstruction act.
71
__________ activists opposed the 15th ammendment because it granted the right to vote to _______ only.
Women’s rights, men.
72
The Legislative branch is the ______ and _______
House of Representatives and Senate
73
The Executive Branch is
the President
74
The Judiciary Branch is
The Supreme Court
75
The Branch that makes the Law
Legislative.
76
Branch that enforces law.
Executive
77
Branch that evaluates law
Judiciary
78
________ are elevated but they are flat on top.
Plateaus.
79
Karl Marx said history was nothing more than a
History of class struggles
80
Marx said that problems were created in situations where the material a worker _______ is worth more than the ________ he receives for his works.
Produces, compensation
81
Marx said that a _______ was inevitable, and that it would end with a _________
Revolution of the working class, classlesssociety
82
The 13th ammendment was passed during
Reconstruction
83
The ——— freed all the slaves and made slavery illegal, and gave no ,monetary compensation to —————
13th Amendment, slave holders
84
The ________ says all people born or naturalized (except Native American) were citizens regardless of race.
14 th amendment
85
The ———- gave the right to vote to Black men.
15 th amendment
86
Nazis were convicted during the ———— trials.
Nuremberg
87
Karl !Alex lived between
1818-1883
88
The political theories inspired by Marx.
Socialism and communism
89
Israel was formed in
1948
90
The destruction of the Jewish community led to later generations in Europe being ———- than their ancestors.
More secular
91
———— legislation was created in response to the Holocaust, but was not strong enough to stop other instances of genocide.
Anti genocide
92
You could _____ to avoid serving in the Union army or a ______ could be sent in your place.
Pay a fee, substitution
93
The North had between ____to _____ times as many troops as the south during the civil war
2 to 3
94
The CSA was comprised of ———- states with _______ people.
11 states, 9 million
95
When the Civil War began the CSA had no organized ______ and ______.
Army and navy
96
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued on ————
January 1 1863.
97
Period that began with earliest examples of primitive tools.
Paleolithic age
98
The Paleolithic Age ended when people learned how to_______
Farm.
99
Paleolithic people subsisted as __________
Hunter gatherers
100
Paleolithic people developed language and created tools out of ______ _______ and __________.
Bone, wood, and stone.
101
New Stone Age
Neolithic
102
During the Neolithic Age people discovered ________ ______________ __________________ ______________ ___________ ____________ ___________
Farming, domesticated animals, established villages, polished stone tools, made pottery, wove cloth.
103
Metal usage began in the __________ period
Neolithic
104
Civilization began near _______ and ______
Mesopotamia and Egypt
105
Land between rivers
Mesopotamia
106
Mesopotamia is in between the ____ and _____ rivers in modern day Iraq.
Tigris and Euphrates
107
The first people to develop a civilization in Mesopotamia
The Sumerians
108
Nail shaped in Latin, this writing style was used by the Sumerians
Cuneiform
109
Man who created the worlds first empire.
Sargon the Great ( of Akkad)
110
Work of Mesopotamian literature.
The epic of Gilgamesh
111
Mesopotamian cities centered around their _____
gods
112
Mesopotamian __________ saw themselves as representatives of their gods on earth,
Kings
113
The __________ (discovered in 1901-1902) is the principle collection of Mesopotamian laws, and declare Devine authority
Code of Hammurabi
114
Mesopotamian mathematical advances included _________ and __________
Multiplication and Division
115
The Nile served as a good _____________ between southern and northern Egypt.
Transportation route
116
The _______ ________ and _______ were natural barriers that protected Egypt.
Mountains, desserts, cataracts and the Nile
117
Lower Egypt
Northern Egypt
118
Upper Egypt
Southern Egypt
119
In 2900 BC _________ took over lower Egypt and the Nile delta.
Namer
120
The pyramids required
Central planning
121
Egyptians believed the pharaoh to be
Man and god, and an embodiment of Horus.
122
Old Kingdom period
2686-2181 BC
123
During the ___________ the pharaoh was an absolute ruler who controlled irrigation, maintained justice, and expressed the will of heaven. It ended when _________ sought power by undermining the throne and throwing the country into civil war.
Old Kingdom. Nobles.
124
Middle Kingdom period
2040-1786 BC
125
During the ________ ,strong kings reunited the kingdom and reasserted pharaonic rule.
Middle Kingdom
126
During the Middle Kingdom, Pharaohs extended Egyptian control south over the land of ———- which was a source of gold, and carried trade out with ______ ________ and _____________
Nubia,Palestine, Syria, Crete
127
During the Middle Kingdom central authority broke down around the year _______
1800 BC
128
During the fall of the Middle Kingdom _______ broke away and Egypt was invaded and occupied by the ________
Nubia, the Hyksos
129
The New Kingdom period. During which Egypt built her empire.
1570-1085 BC
130
Egyptians valued ___ over change.
Changelessness
131
________ permeated Egyptian society, ranging from Medicine, art, astronomy, and literature
Religion
132
The _______ served as an intimidatory between gods and men.
Pharaoh
133
Egyptians used _____. A series of pictures of animals and things meant to say words or sounds.
Hieroglyphics
134
________ was the basis of Egyptian civilization
Divine kingship
135
Ma’at
Egyptian belief that pharaohs were to rule with justice, law, right, and truth.
136
Egypt’s ______ helped them to determine when the Nile would overflow and was more accurate than the Babylonian lunar calendar.
Solar calendar
137
Geometry was created by the _______
Egyptians
138
Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) sought to make Egyptian society_______
Monotheistic, worshiping the god Aton.
139
When Egypt was attacked by the Sea People’s and the Libyans it _______
Abandoned its empire.
140
The Hittite empire originated in _______ and reaches its height during the ________
Anatolia. The 1300s
141
First people to develop a substantial iron industry.
The Hittites
142
Phoenicians settled in the Mediterranean coastal cities of ______ _______ _______ and _______
Tyre, Byblos, Berytus(Beirut), and Sidon
143
_________ we’re the great sea traders of the ancient world.
The Phoenicians
144
The _________ created the first alphabet. The ________ added vowels to it.
Phoenicians. Greeks
145
The ______ arose in the 9th century BC, and stormed through Palestine, Mesopotamia, Syria, Babylonia, and Egypt during the 8th - 7th centuries BC.
Assyrian Empire
146
The Assyrian king _______ created a great library that housed many ancient works on clay tablets.
Ashurbanipal
147
Under ______ the Persian Empire took all lands from the Nile River to the Indus River during a conquest that took 25 years.
Cyrus the Great
148
________ was the uniform language of the Persian empire, and used letters from the _________ alphabet.
Aramaic, Phoenician
149
_________ was the national religion of the Persian Empire.
Zoroastrianism
150
________ allowed the Jews to rebuild their temple in ______.
Cyrus the Great. 538 BC
151
Hebrews viewed God as _________ . He was above nature not a part of it. They also viewed Him as being_______ ; He ruled all and was subject to nothing.
Transcendent, Fully Sovereign
152
To the Hebrews, Gods existence was a matter of _____ not rational thought.
Religious conviction
153
Two civilizations preceding Hellenic Greece.
Minoan and Mycenaean
154
Minoan civilization lasted from
2600-1250 BC
155
Minoan civilization was located on the Island of ________
Crete
156
Mycenaean civilization was located on _______
The Peloponnesus (southern Greece)
157
Mycenaean civilization consisted of ___________
Several city states.
158
The Greek Dark Ages
1100-800 BC
159
Polis
City state
160
To the Greeks the _______ was their only avenue to the good life, that expressed the will of the people, not the desires of gods, kings or priests.
City state
161
City states had began as
A religious institution that sought an alliance with a deity.
162
Spartans trained from birth for war due to _______
The fear of a slave revolt.
163
Spartas military might was in their _______ while Athens had theirs in their _______
Army. Navy.
164
Rule by a king
Monarchy
165
Rule by landed aristocrats
Oligarchy
166
Rule by one man who seized power
Tyranny
167
Rule by the people
Democracy
168
4 stages of Greek city states.
Monarchy. Oligarchy. Tyranny. Democracy.
169
Aristocracy
Rule of the best
170
_________ sought to reform and to remove corruption from Athenian politics and to help Athenians to strive to do what was good for the state.
Solon the reformer
171
__________ came into power during a period of instability. He widened the access to the water supply, he gave confiscated property of exiled nobles to the poor, and put policies into place that led to Athens being the cultural capital of Greece.
Pisistratus the Tyrant
172
_________ made democracy the main form of government in Athens.
Cleisthenes the Democrat.
173
Year the Ionian Greeks rebelled against Persia
499 BC
174
Battle where Athens defeated the Persians after Darius I sent a retaliatory attack after the Ionian Revolt.
Marathon 490 BC
175
Battle between the Persians and Sparta and it’s allies, and zwhere The 300 Spartans were defeated.
Thermopylae
176
The Athenian victory at _________ and the Spartan victory at _______ ended the Persian wars.
The Bay of Salamis. Plataea.
177
The ________ was a confederacy of 150 city states that included Athens, it was then corrupted into a tool that fueled Athenian imperialism and dominance over the other members.
Delian League
178
The __________ saw the victory of Sparta and its allies over the Delian League, and divided the Greek city states to the point they quibbled with one another to the point they were too slow to react to Phillip of Macedon’s encroachment on Greece.
Peloponnesian War
179
Greek Civilization
Hellenism
180
Three stages of Greek civilization
Hellenic Age , Hellenistic Age, Greco-Roman age
181
Alexander the Great was tutored by______
Aristotle
182
Hellenic Art emphasized _______ whereas Hellenistic Art emphasized realism
Idealism. Realism.
183
—————- was a Greek astronomer who said the sun was the center of the universe and that the planets revolved around it.
Aristarchus.
184
_________ the belief that people can achieve happiness when their bodies are free from pain and when their minds are free from worry and fear.
Epicureanism
185
_______ is the belief that one can achieve happiness from being rational, disciplining ones emotions, and by progressing morally and developing character. At the core is the belief that built into the universe was a principle of order called Divine Reason.
Stoicism.
