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STUDY Flashcards

1
Q

Please compare aluminium vs composite window?

A

Aluminium

More durable
Holds more weight
Greater acoustics
Material more expensive 
Better aesthetics 
£275/m2 more expensive
Composite
Meets performance requirements
Cheaper
Maintain aesthetics
Greater themal properties

Both had life expectancy of 50 years
Aluminium more expense to repair
Glass replacement every 15 yrs

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2
Q

What life cycle costs were considered when you carried out the window?

A

The supply chain was able to confirm that Composite will have a longer lifespan (if engineered timber)

Replacement of glass is every 15 yrs

Both window types are similar cost for damages

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3
Q

Why Intermediate over minor works?

A

No L&E
No EOT
No Sec Comp

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4
Q

Can you tell me how you believe Covid / Brexit has effected procurement / tendering?

A

Unknown impact of covid may lead to contractors being more inclined to seek the more management routes and avoid fixed price routes due to:

  • unknown impact on inflation & construction costs generally so difficult to price in their costs
  • similar for tendering strategies above
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5
Q

What are the deliverables under the PCSA?

A 
Open book
Competitive tender to 3 SCs
Carry out design & contribute to buildability & risk
Method of construction
Work collaboratively w/project team
Reconcile target cost plan
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6
Q

What was the further VE you achieved with the Contractor?

A

£200k 50% tiling

£300k acoustic layer to cheaper alternative

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7
Q

How would your two stage tendering option work? How would you carry out EW alongside PCSA?

Outputs in 1st and 2nd Stages?

A 
1st stage under PCSA
Prelims
OHP
Programme
Designed packages
PCSA Fee
Target Cost Plan to assess against

2nd Stage to develop S2 to S3/4 to arrive at a Contract Sum
Finalise design
Agree outstanding packages
Rules placed into 2nd stage (min 3 tenderers, open book, evaluation)
Contractor in charge of tender

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8
Q

What was the market appetite to work on single stage as opposed to two stage?

A

Letters of enquiries were sent out to a number of contractors to establish market appetitie and generally the response was positive

However a number of tenderers within the PQQ who pulled out during the PQQ process due to the tender not being two stage.

The reason being:

Design risk on SS
Missed scope
Resource, time and cost

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9
Q

What was specified for the lighting as the saving?

A

Omission of 6 LED Lights with the addition of 1 ceiling light to the kitchen and living room areas gave saving of £2k/unit

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10
Q

Why was intermediate used?

A

Intermediate is :
£250k
Adds more robust procedures with regards to EOT and L&E that minor works does not have

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11
Q

How did you back up the elements that could produce savings?

A

Through benchmarking and market testing.
I would expect to see:
External Walls @ £260/m2 not £300/m2
Glazing @ £110/m2 not £170/m2

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12
Q

In your documents you have highlighted the advantages/ disadvantages of Steel v Concrete. Could you talk me through some of these?

A

Steel

Advantages:- 
Quicker to construct- 
Recyclable- 
Strong tensile strength
Lighter than concrete 
Disadvantages- 
More volatile pricing
- Low compression strength
- Low sound/fire resistance
- Requires soundproofing

Concrete

Advantages

  • High compression strength
  • Good noise resistance
  • Good fire protection
  • Low maitenance

Disadvantages

  • Slower to construct
  • Need for reinforcement
  • High embodied carbon-
  • Not as square and flat as steel
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13
Q

Are you aware of any renewable technology techniques?

A 
London 0% Carbon
Local labour
Photo voltaic panels
Blue / Green Roof
Presence detectors
ASHP 
GSHP
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14
Q

What is embedded carbon?

A

Embodied carbon is the carbon footprint of a material.

It considers how many GREENHOUSE GASSES are released throughout the supply chain and is often measured from cradle to (factory) gate, or cradle to site (of use)

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15
Q

You mention that you have an understanding on the different choices of facades that can be used for high rise and low buildings. Please explain which facades are commonly used in both cases and why.

A

Low rise :- Traditional as lower cost and less need for construction to be lighter

High Rise : - greater cost on foundation, SFS system will reduce load bearing capacity moving down the structure

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16
Q

How did grenfell change the way facades are built?

A

No combustible materials to buildings over 18m
RICS have an EWS Process
- appointed fire professional carries out risk assessment
- Looks at new / existing properties
- Valid for 5 years

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17
Q

Why would you recommend using an SFS over traditionally constructed wall?

A

3 month Programme / Prelim benefits with concurrent fit out and external wall
Structural implications
No wet trades

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18
Q

What is the cost difference between traditional and SFS?

A

Around £200/m2 and fairly cost neutral when considering prelims

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19
Q

How did you calculate the cost difference in the prelims with regards to SFS vs blockwork?

A

Mace logistics were able to advise that using SFS would make a saving to the overall prelims of 2 months

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20
Q

Can you tell me about what forms of modern methods of construction you are aware of?

A 
Modular construction
Bathroom Pods
3D Printing
Modular grids (internal walls) 
Minimise unit types
Precast stairs
Utility cupboards
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21
Q

What are green / brown / blue roof?

A

A green extensive roof is planted for ecological and aesthetic purposes.

A brown roof is to mirror as best as possible local ecological conditions

A blue roof is onethatstoreswater.

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22
Q

What was the cost difference between steel partition and blockwork?

A

£50/m2 blockwork (just blockwork)

£100/m2 SFS w/steel mesh

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23
Q

What is an air source heat pump?

A
  1. Air drawn in from outside
  2. Air passes through heat exchanger
  3. Heat transferred to refrigerant from liquid to gas
  4. Passes through compressor heating temperature
  5. LTHW runs through ASHP which is heated by refrigerant
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24
Q

What is an ground source heat pump?

A
  1. Buried pipes beneath ground with anti freeze
  2. Absorbed heat transferred to refrigerant
  3. Heat transferred to refrigerant from liquid to gas
  4. Gas passes through compressor heater temperature
  5. LTHW runs through ASHP which is heated by refrigerant
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25
Q

Talk me through the costs you were able to advise on the SFS vs Blockwork on the facade? And what other considerations aside from cost?

A

SFS £750/m2 = £5.6m

Blockwork £550/m2 = £4.4m + 3 months of prelims = £1m = £5.4m

3 month quicker construction led to the client accepting this option.
Impacts on structural were positive with SFS
Concurrent process of fit out / facade

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26
Q

Talk me through the savings you were able to make on the blockwork vs SFS w/steel mesh to the internal walls? And what other considerations aside from cost?

A

3000m2 of area

SFS
£100/m2 +
£40/m2 for steel mesh = £420k

Blockwork
£50/m2
+ 3wk prelims = £240k (£80k / wk) = £390k

Overall £30k difference but client opted for 3 wk quicker construction
Shortage of bricklayers left unknown on costs

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27
Q

How is a steel frame constructed?

A

Steel columns will be cast into the slab
Installation of universal beams
Beams run across the upper floor area for floor finishes
Purlins to run across the roof
Accessories to fix and tie the frame together

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28
Q

What is the process for RBP?

A 
Form Pile Mat
Mobilisation
Excavation / disposal
Secure excavation w/steel casing / bentonite
Insitu conc
Rebar
Cut piles
Test piles
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29
Q

What are the pros and cons of SFS?

A 
Pros
Lighter frame
Programme benefits
Concurrent fit out / facade
Prelims savings

Cons
More expensive
Limited suppliers
Fire resistant barrier installed to façade

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30
Q

What are the members of a steel frame?

A

Beams, Columns, Purlins, Cladding rails, erection, anchors

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31
Q

How did you advise on design efficiencies?

A

£13m but circa 20% across 8 buildings increase on Net Areas on the projects which would have lead to greater returns on investment for my client

Smaller communal areas
Reduction of overall footprint but keeping the same NIA
Rationalisation of core areas
Thinner internal wall build ups

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32
Q

How did your advise on design economics influence the design?

A

The design team would have tried as best as possible to reach the targetted NIA:GIA that I set out in the early stage estimates, therefore design reflective of this.

It may mean costs increase, but there will be a greater area of net sellable area for the client to drive returns

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33
Q

Name some assumptions and exclusions in your cost plan?

A 
ASSUMPTIONS
1Q 2020 Base Date
Assumed fit out specification
Assumes external works specification
Assumed for removal of contaminated material
EXCLUSIONS
Professional Fees
Inflation
Land Costs
VAT
Impacts of Covid-19 & Brexit
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34
Q

How did you present your façade / internal walls options to your client?

A

This was done in a workshop to run through each option, summarising:

Cost Impact
Prelims / Programme
Logistics
Quality
Recommendation
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35
Q

Can you tell me about Modular Construction Pros and Cons?

A

PROS

Quicker construction
Better quality
More sustainable

CONS
Lead in times
Lack of cost data
Design freeze (no flexibility) 
Comes at a premium 
Valuations
36
Q

What are the heads of claim?

A 
Prolongation
Materials
Labour
Disruption
OHP
37
Q

How do you assess L&E claims?

A 
Within 28 days of receipt
Assess an entitlement to RM 
Assess the heads of claims
Negotiate and Agree with Contractor
Instruct
38
Q

How do you assess EOT Claims?

A

Notice of extension by contractor citing R.E
12 weeks to assess
Assess overview of the facts
Agree and grant EOT

39
Q

How do you assess materials on site?

A

Check Contract for M.o.S cls
Go to site, ascertain the qty of materials (brickwork)
Ensure that it is for supply only and hold money for the installation of the material

40
Q

What came out of the Hackett Report?

A

RC Frame preferrable
No combustible materials to façade
Update to Building Regs

41
Q

You mention viability, what does this actually mean?

A 
Incorporates the possibility of success looking at:
Cost for land
Construction costs
Returns on investment
Yield
42
Q

What planning conditions were relevant to your project?

A 
Section 106 
S278 Works (improvement of rds) 
New build Cafe
Employ local labour
Section 73a (in event of redesign)
43
Q

What were the costs above the clients budget?

A

Windows £300/m2 cheaper than expected
Ext Walls £200/m2 cheaper
Mansard roof not priced which is around £200/m2 more expensive

44
Q

It seems a tight programme for the 2 stage tendering, given that you finished your S2 Cost Plan was finished at the end of January, could you let out the first stage in 6 weeks?

A

Utilising my clients framework, I sought to understand if the market believed this would be achievable. The general feedback is that it would have been achievable, however, I informed my clients on the risk that it would be a tight deadline and we’d seek to agree a Target Cost Plan that meets their £55m budget.

45
Q

What if you couldn’t carry out the full two stage process? How would you meet the GLA requirement?

A

In the event the single stage could not be agreed prior to the end of March, a LoI could have been possible but this is not best practice

46
Q

What is affordable housing

A

Home rented or owned costs comprise less than 30% of the household monthly income

47
Q

What is Shared Ownership?

A

The purchaser pays a mortgage on the share they own, and pays rent to a housing association on the remaining share

48
Q

Main regulations in the industry?

A 
Construction Act
Local Democracy Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 
HASAWA 1974
CDM Regs
Anti Bribery
Proceeds of Crime Act
GDPR 
Data Protection Act 2018
49
Q

What is clients requirements under CDM Regs?

A

Issue F10
Appoint PD
Ensure safety considerations are made at all phases of the project

50
Q

Provide an example of where you have assessed an EOT?

A

Ecology surveys were delayed by the client as a planning condition, lead to an EOT being granted to EW Contractor of 3 weeks

51
Q

What are the supply chain issues you are seeing as impact of brexit / covid?

A

Demand hasn’t been able to recover as quick as supply leading to increase cost
Labour shortage due to covid / brexit
Some Contractors more risk adverse

52
Q

What did the construction act introduce?

A 
Interim, Stage, Periodic
Remove paid when paid
Suspend for non payment
Inform when paying less
Right to adjudication
53
Q

What was the update to the construction act?

A 
Payment dates
Remove pay when certified
Pay less notices
Default payment notice
Further options to suspend
54
Q

Can you tell me about a time you advised on a type of Contract to use?

A

D&B
Suitable where entire design > Contractor
Provisions pass more responsibility to Contractor
High value complex works
Cost, time, design risk w/Contractor

JCT

55
Q

What would you do if your contractor went insolvent?

A

TBC

56
Q

Benefits of novation

A

More control of design by novating

Historic knowledge

57
Q

How could NIA:GIA be improved?

A 
MEP build into suspended ceilings
UF Heating
Reduce commercial areas to make the most of NIA
Efficient cores
Bolt on balconies as opposed to inset
Thinner partition walls
58
Q

How can Wall:Floor be improved?

A

Less structural items, leads to thinner slabs, and a smaller wall area
MEP build into suspended ceilings or raised floors

59
Q

What do you understand by the term VM?

A

Establish early what value is for the client and managing that throughout the design stages
Manage expectations and value for money against quality
Assess clients KPI’s and what is value?

60
Q

What are the CDM Regs?

A

The CDM Regulations places a responsibility on all those in the construction industry generally but places inparticular importance of ensuring that the design is prepared to ensure construction is carried out in a safe and competent manner

61
Q

How do you assess materials off site?

A 
Quantify
Insured
In the Clients name (to avoid retention of title cls)
Vesting certificate
Ensure Contractor has paid the supplier
Safely stored
62
Q

Can you name relevant events?

A

TBC

63
Q

Can you name relevant matters?

A

TBC

64
Q

What came out of the Hackett Report?

A

RC Frame preferrable
No combustible materials to façade
Update to Building Regs

65
Q

You mention viability, what does this actually mean?

A 
Incorporates the possibility of success looking at:
Cost for land
Construction costs
Returns on investment
Yield
66
Q

What planning conditions were relevant to your project?

A 
Section 106 
S278 Works (improvement of rds) 
New build Cafe
Employ local labour
Section 73a (in event of redesign)
67
Q

What were the costs above the clients budget?

A

Windows £300/m2 cheaper than expected
Ext Walls £200/m2 cheaper
Mansard roof not priced which is around £200/m2 more expensive

68
Q

It seems a tight programme for the 2 stage tendering, given that you finished your S2 Cost Plan was finished at the end of January, could you let out the first stage in 6 weeks?

A

Utilising my clients framework, I sought to understand if the market believed this would be achievable. The general feedback is that it would have been achievable, however, I informed my clients on the risk that it would be a tight deadline and we’d seek to agree a Target Cost Plan that meets their £55m budget.

69
Q

What if you couldn’t carry out the full two stage process? How would you meet the GLA requirement?

A

In the event the two stage could not be agreed prior to the end of March, a LoI could have been possible but this is not best practice

70
Q

What is affordable housing?

A

Home rented or owned costs comprise less than 30% of the household monthly income

71
Q

What is Shared Ownership?

A

The purchaser pays a mortgage on the share they own, and pays rent to a housing association on the remaining share

72
Q

Main regulations in the industry?

A 
Construction Act
Local Democracy Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 
HASAWA 1974
CDM Regs
Anti Bribery
Proceeds of Crime Act
GDPR 
Data Protection Act 2018
73
Q

What are the CDM Regs?

A

The CDM Regulations places a responsibility on all those in the construction industry generally but places inparticular importance of ensuring that the design is prepared to ensure construction is carried out in a safe and competent manner

74
Q

What is your role under CDM?

A

To act a designer as I have an influence on design

Ensure the client is aware of their duties under the CDM Regs

75
Q

What is clients requirements under CDM Regs?

A

Issue F10
Appoint PD
Ensure safety considerations are made at all phases of the project
Employ competent people

76
Q

Provide an example of where you have assessed an EOT?

A

Ecology surveys were delayed by the client as a planning condition, lead to an EOT being granted to EW Contractor of 3 weeks

77
Q

Benefits of novation?

A

More control of design by novating

Historic knowledge

78
Q

How could NIA:GIA be improved?

A 
MEP build into suspended ceilings
UF Heating
Reduce commercial areas to make the most of NIA
Efficient cores
Bolt on balconies as opposed to inset
Thinner partition walls
79
Q

How can Wall:Floor be improved?

A

Less structural items, leads to thinner slabs, and a smaller wall area
MEP build into suspended ceilings or raised floors

80
Q

What do you understand by the term VM?

A

Establish early what value is for the client and managing that throughout the design stages
Manage expectations and value for money against quality
Assess clients KPI’s and what is value?

81
Q

What is a defined provisional sum?

A

Means a sum of money set aside to carry out work that cannot be described and given in quantified items in accordance with the tabulated rules of measurement.

82
Q

What is an undefined provisional sum?

A

Means a sum provided for work that is not completely designed, but for which the information required for a defined provisional sum cannot be provided

83
Q

What were the changes from 2011 to 2016 JCT contracts?

A 
CDM to PD
Payment - Construction Act
All risk insurance
Performance Bonds or PGC
Intro of interim valuation date
Must submit a notice of delay
84
Q

What is not subject to retention?

A
  • Loss and expense
  • Fluctuation provisions.
  • Insurance options.
85
Q

Provide me a time you’ve dealt with a claim?

A

On the APF scheme, the client was responsible for completing ecology works as a planning condition, and works could not commence until these were carried out.

This result to a loss and expense claim and an EOT of 3 weeks due to the demo works not being able to commence.

Costs equated to time related prelims x 3 weeks.

86
Q

How did you price the risk of covid and brexit into your risk contingency?

A

Steel prices increased by 50%, included all steel included in design x 50% E/O
Labour prices included by 10%
Increased prelims costs due to social distancing
Contractors pricing risk

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