Studies

Question 1

Durkheim

Answer 1

Crime can be functional or dysfunctional

Question 2

Merton

Answer 2

Strain theory

Question 3

AK Cohen

Answer 3

Status frustration

Question 4

Cloward and Ohlin

Answer 4

Illegitimate opportunity structures

Question 5

Chambliss

Answer 5

1975

Laws protecting private property are the cornerstone of capitalism

Ruling class dominate law-making systems

Question 6

Snider

Answer 6

1993

Capitalist state won’t pass laws regulating business

Question 7

New Criminology

Answer 7

Taylor et al

1973

Question 8

Crime is a rational response to capitalism

Selective law enforcement sweeps over MC offences

Answer 8

Gordon

1976

Question 9

Labelling deviance amplifies it

Answer 9

Becker

Question 10

Unlabelled primary deviance has few consequences

Answer 10

Lemert

Question 11

Agents of social control produce delinquents through two stages involving subjective and biased judgement

Answer 11

Cicourel

Question 12

Greater investment into particular areas where crime is high is needed

Answer 12

Jones

Question 13

Media creates a moral panic about delinquency

Answer 13

S Cohen

Question 14

Disintegrative and reintegrative shaming

Answer 14

Braithwaite

Question 15

The welfare system allows the underclass to continue rejecting norms and values

Criminal activity should be more expensive

Answer 15

Murray

Question 16

Routine activity: motivated offender, suitable target, lack of capable guardian

Answer 16

Felson

Question 17

Broken window theory

Answer 17

Wilson and Kelling

Question 18

Crime is a rational choice - gains outweigh chance of getting caught

Answer 18

Wilson

Question 19

Some groups (e.g. black youth) offend more because of systematic inequality

Answer 19

Lea and Young

Question 20

Police system is flawed

Answer 20

Kinsey, Lea and Young

Question 21

Edgework (the thrill of crime)

Answer 21

Lyng

1990

Question 22

Different crimes are under/over-policed

Crime is rooted in social inequality

Answer 22

Young

Question 23

High rates of robbery by black people -> more racial profiling -> SFP ->

Answer 23

Bowling and Phillips

2002

Question 24

Myth of black criminality

Answer 24

Gilroy

1982

Question 25

Crime statistics do not reflect reality

Answer 25

Hall

1979

Question 26

Men’s duty of protection towards women stops them from arresting or prosecuting them

Answer 26

Pollack

1950

Question 27

Criminal sociology is ‘malestream’

Women are socialised away from crime

Answer 27

Heidesohn

Question 28

Female offenders reject ‘gender deal’ - being outside of social control = more likely to offend

Answer 28

Carlen

Question 29

Sutherland

Answer 29

1939

Differential association theory

Criminal behaviour is learned from family/friends/associates

Question 30

Foucault

Answer 30

1970s

Criminal and sexual deviance & perception of madness have changed through time

Women wearing trousers was deviant 100 years ago