Studies Flashcards
What is ur classic study
Raine at el
What is the aim of the rain study
To investigate whether the brain areas of prefrontal cortex amygdala were related to violent behaviour
Who were raines participants
41 murderers who pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity in court
Compare to 41 controls that were matched based on sex, ethnicity age
Procedure of raine
They tested there blood to see if any sort of drugs were present
Radioactive tracer injected into ppts bloodstream
32 mins after injected with tracer ppts were asked to do a series of tasks ie identifying targets on a screen moving a button
This would activate areas of the brain researchers were interested in
Pet scan was used to measure the brain activity of ppts
Findings of raine
In the NGRI ppts frontal kobe activity decreased and right amygdala activity increased
Suggesting that no single brain area is related to violent behaviour but various areas
What is ur contemporary study
Brendgen et al
What was the aim of brengen
Investigate Mz and Dz twins aggression = to explain how social/ physical influences by genetics and environment
Sample of brengen
234 pairs of twins selected from a long lasting (QNTS)
Study collected data on the twins regularly from when they were
5 months to 6 years old
Who were the two types of people asked about aggression for the twins
Teachers
Students
Who were the teachers asked about the twins
Teachers rated the social and physical aggression of the children on a 3 point scale
Never, sometimes and often.
Social aggression question (teacher)
Physical aggression (teacher)
Says mean things and spreads rumours
Hits bites and kicks others
How were the peers questioned
They would show 3 photos of classmates
And ask which one is most likely to fit the discription
Social aggression peers
Tell others not to play with a child
Conclusion of brendgen
Physical aggression-mostly genetic
Social aggression mostly environmental
Physical aggression leads to social aggression to get away with more
Explain what twin studies are
Genetics
Concordance
Environmental
Twins study where Twins are compared on specific traits to see similarities
Mz Twins show 100% concordance = Particular behaviour is entirely genetic
particular behaviour is more genetic than environmental then Mz -higher than - Dz in concordance
If rates are similar then environmental is the bigger factor
Strength of a twin study
Able to investigate the influence of genes
Mz and Dz share same environment the only difference is genetics
If trait is genetic then Mz -
higher concordance than Dz twins.
This allows us to investigate genetics on behaviour that’s is ethically impossible
Weakness of twin study
Environment
Twins studies overestimate genetic influence
Mz - more similar environment than Dz because they have same sex
treated more similar, same friends look similar
environment experience is more similar in Mz than dz therefore maybe similarity is acc due to shared environment ( can’t tell if similarity In mz twins is acc due to genetics or environment)
Adoption studies rule
If a child is more similar to adoptive parents then it’s Nuture
If a child is more similar to natural parents then it’s nature
What is an adoption study
Observed adoptees, see if adoptees are more similar to their natural parents or adopted parents.
Share 50% genes with natural
Raised by adoptive
Strength of adoption study
Removes extraneous variables
Only relation between children and bio parents is genetic
Child isn’t raised by bio parents
So if there’s a similarity between bio parents and child it’s defo genetical
Weakness of adoption study(race)
Children adoptive parents maybe similar to the biological ones
Same race adoptive parents may have similar culture to bio parents
So similarities between Child and bio parents maybe environment instead of biological
Heston study context
Ppts were born to schizophrenic mother in an American psychiatric hospital
Children selected if mother put them for adoption
Heston study: researcher ensured the mothers had
A diagnosis of schizophrenia
No disease
