Studies Flashcards
Describe Labovs New York Study 🛍️ 4️⃣
1) Went to diff supermarkets marked by class 🏪
2) Looked at item on fourth floor
2) Asked staff to see where he could find said item, where they would say the ‘fourth floor’
3) Then asked them to repeat it
% of ‘R’ pronunciation 📈 across all
ESPECIALLY in lower middle class where 🟰 even more than upper
WHAT was Labov trying to find in his study?
Whether the pronunciation of ‘R’ sound 🟰 CHANGED depending on class 👥
WHAT did the results show in Labovs New York study? 3️⃣
1) The ‘R’ pronunciation DID changed dependent on class [⬆️ = ‘R’ ⬇️ = ❌]
2) Most people associated the ‘right’ pronunciation with the upper classes pronunciation ( ✅ R)
3) The lower middle class HYPER CORRECTED, probably to emulate upper mid class
—> over-prod R sound
What is it called when you pronounce the R sound?
Rhotic pronunciation
WHICH 2️⃣ variables did Trudgill 👁️ at? l🫱🏻🫲🏾🧍🏿♀️🧍🏿♀️🧍🏿♀️🚶♀️
1) Subject-verb agreement w/t 3️⃣rd 🧍🏿♀️ singular [*’She say’ vs ‘She says’]
2) Pronunciation of -ing ending [’walkin’ vs ‘walking’]
WHAT were the 5️⃣ definitive social classes Trudgill used? ☝🏾🆙
1) Middle Middle Class (MMC)
2) Lower Middle Class (LMC)
3) Upper Working Class (UWC)
4) Middle Working Class (MWC)
5) Lower Working Class (LWC)
What did Trudgill look for in his Norwich study❓1️⃣❗️2️⃣❗️3️⃣❗️
Looked at how frequently informants used non-standard English by making diff scenarios
Define INFORMANT in research + example 🔑🏫
A person that shares knowledge with a researcher from an Insider POV
(e.g. KEY informant = person selected as primary link between naive researcher and cultural group studied)
RESULTS of Trudgills Norwich study ❓3️⃣ 👥👥🤣👩❤️👨
1) 👥 of ⬇️ Class 🟰 ➕➕➕ ❌ NON Standard forms
VS
👥 of ⬆️ class 🟰➕➕➕ ✅ Standard forms
2) 👥 use ➕➕➕ Standard Lang forms when feel like they’re being scrutinised [e.g. interviews]
AND
➕➕➕ ❌ NON Standard forms when [e.g telling funny story]
3) MEN 🔵 🟰➕➕➕ likely to use ❌ NON Standard forms of Eng than WOMEN 🩷 regardless of Social class 💬
WHAT is the reasoning for the gender results in Trudgills Norwich study❓🎉 🔵»🩷
Non-standard English Language features are ➕➕➕ widely accepted 🎉 for MEN than for WOMEN
WHAT did the results of the gender aspect of Trudgills Norwich study reveal about gender roles? 👩🍳🏋️
Showed SIGNIFICANT influence of gender roles in society
women expectation 🟰 ‘proper’/‘well mannered’ 😊😇
CRITICISM on Trudgills Norwich Study❓🧐💭
He ❌ acknowledge conscious 🧠 linguistic choices of subjs
E.G.
convergence/identity🫵🏾/integration with community 👥👥
WHEN was Trudgills Norwich study❓
1960s - 70s
