Studies

Question 1

Nozaradan et al. (2015) study task

Answer 1

Subjects listened to tapping + a beat, but the tapping occurs between the beats

Question 2

Nozaradan et al. (2015) findings

Answer 2

Tapping is done by the left hand (being controlled by the right side of the brain) is more commonly hitting 1.2 Hz and actively firing. 3.6 Hz is the sum of beat and movement frequencies which is also known as integration

Question 3

Blood and Zatorre (2001) Research focus

Answer 3

Wanted to find musical ‘chills’ (emotional intensity effecting the body). Thought that it may occur only after a certain level of intensity is reached

Question 4

Blood and Zatorre study design

Answer 4

Had participants provide their favorite piece of music that causes chills and listened to it and control music while undergoing a PET scan

Question 5

Blood and Zatorre changes undergone

Answer 5

Physiological changes: increases in heart rate, respiration rate, and EMG. Functional changes in the brain: Altered activation patterns in regions associated with emotion + reward systems

Question 6

Blood and Zatorre conclusion

Answer 6

Positive correlation between chills and blood flow, negative correlation between chills and blood flow in the amygdala, and a similar pattern in the hippocampus. Things like drug use, food, and sex will elicit similar brain responses as if one is listening to chill-inducing music

Question 7

Blood and Zatorre what occurs in the ventral striatum?

Answer 7

There are more positive emotions, which correlates to the negative emotions of the amygdala

Question 8

Case study: SM (Gosselin et al. 2007)

Answer 8

Wanted to see how stimulating that SM found music that was shown. Samples were provided for music that was to elicit happiness, sadness, peacefulness, and scary emotions

Question 9

What was found by Philips and Trainor (2005) in their study with babies?

Answer 9

Even in infancy, movement affects music perception

Question 10

Purpose of Krumhansl (1997) study

Answer 10

Wanted to check physiological measures within people while listening to different excerpts of music

Question 11

What did Krumhansl find when participants listened to sad music?

Answer 11

The heart rate was slower and body temperature and skin conductance got lower, but there was an increase in blood pressure.

Question 12

What occurred when participants listened to fearful music? (Krumhansl)

Answer 12

The pulse, pulse amplitude, and respiration rate were increased but there was a decrease in finger temperature

Question 13

Rauschenberg et al. (1993)

Answer 13

Tested the Mozart effect by having participants complete assorted spatial tasks to see if there was improvement from the music

Question 14

Francois et. al, 2013 research question

Answer 14

Can musical training facilitate speech segmentation?

Question 15

Francois et. al, 2013 research findings

Answer 15

1yr/2yr in training, music class students better at segmenting the words vs those in art class

Question 16

Chobert et al (2011) research question

Answer 16

Does musical training affect children’s ability to process speech sounds?

Question 17

Chobert et al (2011) findings

Answer 17

Musically trained children were generally faster and more accurate in detecting changes in auditory stimulus and additional research shows that it helps with phonological awareness