Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Visual Ethics > Student Written Questions - Test #3 > Flashcards

Student Written Questions - Test #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why should we use information graphics?

A
  • Bite-size simplification of complex information
  • Shows relationship of information data sets to each others change over time
  • Viewer engagements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is chart junk, and why is it included?

A

Additional information that “pads” the data
* Could contribute to context or storytelling

“In the Way” - Edward Tufte
“Aids in Meaning and Memory” - Nigel Holmes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some examples of visual cues we use in graphics to help make information more readable?

A
  • Colors, vectors
  • Hierarchy (participant arrangement)
  • Point, Line, Plane
  • Symbolic, Indexical, Iconic Signs
  • Visceral Choices
  • Bullets and Arrows
  • Editing text (bolding, styling)
  • Knowing the Audience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the goals of an information designer?

A
  • To communicate data visually in order to reach a particular end
  • Know your audience - Communicate clearly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is activism? Give one example from the class presentation from November 22nd.

A

Activism - the policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.
* Taking responsibility for the impact of our work.

Guerilla Girls - Equality for women
Womens Movement - 1960s - Equality for women in art

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is one example of past activism illustrations or political cartoons? What is the meaning or impact it has?

A

Join or Die - Ben Franklin
* All the colonies need to join together to fight for the French and Indian War
* Being separate won’t win.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is visual sustainability, and what is one way we, as designers, can be more sustainable? (symbolic, material, or structural)

A
  • Material - Choices of material, amount used
  • Structural - Designed to be thrown away, kept, reused (e.g., Transportation)
  • Symbolic - Partnering w. Environmentally sustainable companies, processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How has grassroots activism inspired and affected activism today?

A

Creation of Citizen Designers - Designers who strive to use their skills for the betterment of society, being good citizens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why should we use information graphics?

A

● Show relationships of information data sets to each other change over time
● Viewer engagement
● Simplified presentation of complex information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is chart junk, and why is it included?

A

Chart junk refers to all visual elements in charts and graphs that are not necessary to comprehend
the information represented on the graph. It aids meaning and memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some examples of visual cues we use in graphics to help make information more readable?

A

● Icon/symbol selection
● Charts & graphs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the goals of an information designer?

A

● Keep it simple
● Be accurate
● Use the right form of infographic for the data and the message

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is activism? Give one example from the class presentation

A

Vigorous campaigning to bring out a political or social change (ex: BLM, #MeToo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is one example of past activism illustrations or political cartoons? What is the meaning or impact it has?

A

Picasso, Guernica; response to the bombing of Guernica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How has grassroots activism inspired and affected activism today?

A

● Slogans and iconic visual images reused and repurposed over time
● Past activism inspires taking action for/against current or recurring issues
● History shows what types of activism are more effective (social media, protests,
walk-outs, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is visual sustainability, and what is one way we, as designers, can be more sustainable? (symbolic, material, or structural)

A

Visual sustainability is the process by which people are sustained and enriched in daily life through the visual relationship they hold dear to their surroundings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sustainability

A

● Capable of being sustained;
● Of, relating to, or being a method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource
is not depleted or permanently damaged;
● Of or relating to a lifestyle involving the use of sustainable methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can we live sustainably?

A

Composting, using organic/sustainable materials, using less stuff, recycling/upcycling, move away from disposables, buying second-hand, support local businesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(Presentation) Designer as:

A

● Manipulator of stuff
● Message maker
● Agent of change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

(Presentation) Plastic Problem:

A

● Found everywhere (ex-rain)
● All plastic ever produced still exists
● Not natural/doesn’t biodegrade
● Just gets smaller (microplastics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

(Presentation) Packaging Problem:

A

● A product or package only represents abt 8% of the actual material used to create it
● 98% of secondary packaging is not necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Greenwashing

A

companies/products appear more“green”/”eco-friendly”/”natural”/”sustainable” than they actually are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Triple Bottom Line - People

A

social considerations; measures how socially responsible an organization has been throughout its history.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Triple Bottom Line - Planet

A

environmental considerations; measures how environmentally responsible a firm has been.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Triple Bottom Line - Profits

A

economic considerations; traditional measure of corporate profit—the profit and loss (P&L) account

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Designing backward

A

Printing > delivery > user > waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Designing backward - Alternative

A

● Paper & ink options < distribution/packaging < user experience < design for the end
● Cradle-to-cradle instead of cradle-to-grave
● “Circular design”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cradle-to-cradle design / Systems thinking

A

designing with the awareness that with within a closed loop (the planet, the region, etc.) and understanding the reliance of communication design on materials manufacturing and the people who involved in those processes.

e.g.,
banana stem fiber for packaging
g diapers
Pangea organics
socially responsible sweatshop (local/in kent; non-profit charity)
Cincinnati recycling & reuse hub (what they take for free)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Biological nutrients

A

● materials or products that are designed to return to the biological cycle
● Most packaging can be designed this way
● Packaging could safely be decomposed or be used as fertilizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Technical nutrients

A

● Inorganic or synthetic materials manufactured by humans—such as plastics and metals—that can be used many times over without any loss in quality, staying in a continuous cycle.

———-
● Mobile network = 2x more energy usage than wifi
● Carbon footprint of our devices, the internet, & the systems supporting them account for
about 3.7% of global greenhouse emissions (similar to the global airline industry)
● NFTs & cryptocurrencies have a very high carbon footprint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sustainability - Why should people care?

A

● Intersectionality
● Dangerous toxins
● Affects the health of humans/animals/plants/ecosystems
● Using up nonrenewable resources
● Trash doesn’t “go away”

32
Q

Sustainability - What role do graphic designers play? What actions can they take?

A

● Influencing what’s “normal”
● Minimize greenwashing in advertising of packaging
● Research the client to avoid greenwashing
● Ask the client how visuals will be used
○ Will they print designs on single-use plastics?
● Give input about packaging design & materials

33
Q

Sustainability - Action items for printing

A

● Use less ink
● Use soy-based, low-VOC (volatile organic compound) inks
● Use aqueous varnishes
● Use water-based adhesives
● Quantity of paper needs to be considered

34
Q

Sustainability - Product of service (eco-leasing)

A

● Products containing valuable technical nutrients can be services instead of products bought & owned
● Defined user periods
● Design items to be disassembled

35
Q

EULA for typeface licenses

A

An end-user license agreement (EULA) is a contract between the manufacturer and buyer allowing the buyer to use the product (generally software). End-user license agreements set the guidelines and limitations for use of the software.

36
Q

Creative Commons

A

6 levels of restrictions; all include ‘attribution’

● No restrictions / give credit
● Give credit/share alike (adaptations @ same terms)
● Give credit/noncommercial
● Give credit/noncommercial/share alike
● Give credit/no derivatives
● Give credit/noncommercial/no derivatives

37
Q

Semiotics

A

The Study of Signs, Life, and Representation

● Developed by Ferdinand de Saussure (Europe) & Charles Pierce (US)

38
Q

Signs

A

A basic unit of representation, frequently arbitrary for the thing it stands for. The basis of
language.

● Sign = signifier + signified
● Ex: <3 + love

39
Q

Symbols

A

Might have no logical meaning; easily removable from their context; meaning is from learned associations or from environmental cues.

● Religious symbols

40
Q

Icon

A

A Sign that physically resembles the thing it stands for. Any image used to represent/stands for a person, place, or idea.

● Ex: email icon, % (percent), facetime icon, the camera icon

41
Q

Index

A

Not arbitrary. Points to something else. It has distance and requires learned information.

● Ex: when there’s smoke there’s fire

42
Q

Syntax

A

arrangement of all the elements within the image that influences how we interpret meaning; the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language

43
Q

Citizen Designer / Designers as part of the community

A

Taking responsibility for the impact of our work and contributing to the well-being of society

44
Q

Activism - Artistic Responsibility

A

Integrity, originality, and other expressions of respect for one another.

45
Q

Activism - Professional Responsibility

A

Treating clients and audiences with respect.

46
Q

Activism - Social Responsibilities

A

Attending to the communities needs for conviviality, which is contrary to the current emphasis on individualism, complacency, and greed. Participating in public. life by using design + communication skills to raise awareness and inspire cultural political change.

47
Q

Social, professional, and artistic responsibilities

A

● Designers provide their communities with joy, interaction, and inspiration.
● Professionally they are in charge of contracts, licenses, and not plagiarizing work.
● They are artistically responsible for coming up with new ideas.

48
Q

Activist-Designers

A

Fairey, deBretteville, Victore, Haring, Glaser, Chwast, Heartfield, Nast, Adbusters, Guerilla Girls

49
Q

Guerilla Girls

A

An anonymous group of feminist, female artists devoted to fighting sexism and racism within the art world. They also often use humor in their work to make their serious messages engaging. They remain anonymous by wearing gorilla masks and naming themselves after famous dead women.

50
Q

Shepard Fairey

A

American contemporary artist/activist. (HOPE Poster)

51
Q

Shelia de Bretteville

A

Feminist artist. Created the first Women’s Design program at Cal Arts in 1971.

52
Q

James Victore

A

Artist, author, and activist. Teaches people how to illuminate their individual gifts in order to achieve personal greatness.

53
Q

Keith Haring

A

Aids activist (Act Up)

Pop art. Chalk outlines in NYC subways. Safe sec and AIDS campaigns.

54
Q

James Victore

A

Artist, author, and activist. Teaches people how to illuminate their individual gifts in order to achieve personal greatness.

55
Q

Milton Glaser

A

“Road to Hell”

● “We are subjected to a thousand such misrepresentations every day of our lives. So pervasive is the culture of small distortions that we can no longer recognize them as lies.”
● “Groups are thought of as “Markets”; citizens as “Consumers” w. generalized characteristics that make manipulating them seem ethically acceptable.

56
Q

Seymour Chwast

A

Illustrator and Graphic Design Activist. Colorful and fun. Anti-war and climate change

57
Q

Helmut Herzfeld / John Heartfield

A

German activist. Protested the anti-British and nationalistic sentiment in Berlin. Name change was a political statement.

58
Q

Thomas Nast

A

American cartoonist known for attacking William “Boss” Tweed in the 1870s - NYC.

● Tweed and his cronies swindled NYC of between $30-200 Million at the time.

59
Q

Adbusters

A

Canadian-based not-for-profit, pro-environment, anti-capitalist, anti-advertising organization founded in 1989.

“Culture jamming” - expose the methods of domination using current cultural art and advertisement.

First Things First - updated manifesto in 2018

60
Q

‘Clean’ internet use

A

● things designers can do to minimize communication carbon footprint;
● Minimize the use of photos and videos
● minimize the size of email lists/spam/newsletters and video calls. ·

61
Q

Recycling — “wish-cycling”

A

Wish-cycling is the practice of recycling items that cannot be recycled and it can cause items that are actually recyclable to be sent to the landfill, creating more waste than necessary.

62
Q

Designers’ statements about social and environmental responsibility: First Things First 1964 and 2000

A

“We do not advocate the abolition of high-pressure consumer advertising.”

Know that advertising is necessary, but drive to make it more humanistic.

Redone in 2018 by Ad..

63
Q

TikTokBoom - Topics shadowbanned by TikTok

A

● Examines the security issues, global political challenges, and racial biases behind the history-making app.
● Any video with offensive content that can harm the sentiments of people or anything that can trigger other users can attract TikTok shadowban.

Certain videos, due to algorithmic judgments that happen off the radar, are basically banned by not being allowed to pile up any views or likes. At one point it was discovered that anything with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter or #GeorgeFloyd had been shadowbanned, a shocking suppression that the company tried to explain away as a “technical glitch.

Trump rally - ppl didn’t show up based on viral tiktok video; however success is only based on views.

64
Q

US Supreme Court - Case: 303 - Creative LLC v Elenis
What is the basis of the plaintiff’s lawsuit?

A

● Facts: 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis is a pending United States Supreme Court case related to the conflict between LGBT rights in public accommodations and First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
● Loyalties: to herself and to her business
● Values: religious beliefs and her morals, conservative values, freedom of speech
● Principles: the bible

65
Q

AIGA Standards - For Clients

A

No conflict of interest, get to know the client and their business

66
Q

AIGA Standards for Professional Practice - Clients

A

No conflict of interest, get to know the client and their business

67
Q

AIGA Standards - For Designers

A

Should not compete with other designers, be objective in criticizing another’s work, don’t degrade other designers reputations, not claim sole credit for a collaborative design.

68
Q

AIGA Standards - For The Public

A

Avoid projects that will harm the public, communicate the truth in all situations, respect the audiences, avoid negative stereotypes.

69
Q

AIGA Standards - For Society and the Environment

A

Shall not knowingly do or fail to do anything that constitutes a deliberate or reckless disregard for the health and safety of the communities, respect the privacy of others, take a responsible role in the visual portrayal of people, the consumption of natural resources, and the protection of animals and the environment, contribute five percent of his or her time to projects in the public good projects that serve society, refuse to engage in or countenance discrimination on the basis of race, sex, age, religion, national origin, sexual orientation or disability.

70
Q

Living Principles for Design

A

Phil Hamlett. Aim to guide purposeful action, celebrating and popularizing the efforts of those who use design thinking to create positive cultural change.

71
Q

Rules and Duties

A

Codes, Principles, Laws

72
Q

Consequences

A

Meanings / Reactions

73
Q

Virtues / Character

A

Habits and Attitudes

74
Q

Tithe

A

Giving a portion of your wealth / earnings to charity (10%)

75
Q

Pro Bono

A

Work for Free (5%)

76
Q

Justin Ahrens (Rule 29)

A

“Making Creative Matter” - Collaborative approach to strategy and design. Design Thinking and Big-Picture / Long-Term View on solving business problems.

Visual Ethics (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions