Student sub-cultures

Question 1

How are anti school sub-cultures formed

Answer 1

Hargreaves (1967):
- formed when children need status and validation from their peers

• predominantly in lower sets/streams

Question 2

What has happened to the complexity of male sub-cultures since the 1970s?

Answer 2

Hollingworth & Williams (2009):
- working class anti school sub-cultures now labelled as “chavs” rather than “lads” by middle class peers

• greater diversity of middle class sub-cultures in school based on leisure (emos, posh)

Question 3

How do female subcultures differ from male subcultures?

Answer 3

Griffin (1985):
- Female deviance more identified through sexual behaviour rather than trouble making

Mirza (1992):
- Female subcultures have positive attitude to school

Question 4

What do ethnic subcultures formed in schools suggest?

Answer 4

Sewell:
- some black boys reject school in favour of having street credibility; may be because they feel their school does not value their culture