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Biochemistry: Yr1 > Stucture and function of nucleic acids > Flashcards

Stucture and function of nucleic acids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 classes of nucleic acid?

A

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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2
Q

What are the 3 forms of RNA?

A

Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, Transfer RNA

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3
Q

What degree of structure does RNA have as a protein?

A

Secondary protein

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4
Q

What degree of structure does DNA have as a protein?

A

Tertiary protein

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5
Q

How many forms of DNA are there?

A

One

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6
Q

What are the 3 functions of DNA?

A

Store genetic info, direct DNA synthesis, direct transcription

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7
Q

What process is used to synthesise DNA?

A

Semi-conservative replication, where in a synthesised DNA molecule one strand is from the template DNA (original strand) and complementary strand is synthesised

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8
Q

What is transcribed from DNA?

A

Complementary mRNA strand

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9
Q

What are the 2 functions of mRNA?

A

Translation at ribosomes to produce polypeptides, carry genetic info

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10
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A

Transfer amino acids to ribosome during translation in protein synthesis

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11
Q

What shape is a tRNA molecule?

A

Cloverleaf

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12
Q

Where does the amino acid attach to tRNA?

A

The terminal nucleotide on the 3’ end of tRNA molecule

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13
Q

What is the anticodon in tRNA?

A

Trinucleotide sequence that lines up with complementary mRNA codon in translation

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14
Q

What 3 loops are in a tRNA molecule?

A

Variable loop, D loop, Tψc-loop

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15
Q

What is the function of rRNA?

A

To bind to tRNA and mRNA to ensure that the amino acid sequence is correctly formed in translation

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16
Q

What attaches to the A site of rRNA?

A

Incoming tRNA molecule coupled to an amino acid

17
Q

What attaches to the P site of rRNA?

A

Binds to tRNA so that peptidyl transferase can from peptide bond between tRNA-coupled amino acid and growing polypeptide

18
Q

What occurs at the E site of rRNA?

A

tRNA molecule exits ribosome after giving up its amino acid

19
Q

What organelle is rRNA found in?

A

Ribosome

20
Q

What is a nucleotide composed of?

A

Pentose sugar, phosphate group, base

21
Q

In nucleic acid strands, what bonds join nucleotides together?

A

Phosphodiester

22
Q

What is a nuceloside composed of?

A

Pentose sugar, base

23
Q

What acid is phosphate group derived from, and what is the chemical formal

A
24
Q

What pentose sugar is in DNA nucleotides?

A

Deoxyribose (C5H10O4)

25
Q

What pentose sugar is in RNA nucleotides?

A

Ribose (C5H10O5)

26
Q

What is the difference between the pentose sugars in RNA and DNA?

A

DNA pentose sugar has one less oxygen atom

27
Q

How many rings do purine bases have?

A

Double-ringed

28
Q

What are the 2 purine bases?

A

Adenine, Guanine

29
Q

Are purines or pyrimidines larger?

A

Purines are larger than pyrimidines

30
Q

What are the 3 pyrimidine bases?

A

Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

31
Q

How many rings do pyrimidine bases have?

A

Single-ringed

32
Q

What base is only present in DNA, not in RNA?

A

Thymine

33
Q

What base is only present in RNA, not DNA?

A

Uracil

34
Q

What order is the nucleic acid strand read in?

A

5’ to 3’ direction

35
Q

What does 5’ refer to in the nucleic acid?

A

5th C atom in pentose sugar, that is bonded to oxygen below phosphate group

36
Q

What does 3’ refer to in the nucleic acid?

A

3rd C atom in pentose sugar, that is bonded to oxygen above phosphate group

37
Q

Which carbon atom in the pentose sugar is bonded to the base?

A

1st C atom

38
Q

In Watson-Crick base pairing, which bases are paired together?

A

A with T/U

C with G

Purine with pyrimidine

39
Q

What bonds are between paired bases in nucleotide strands?

A

Hydrogen bond between N-H group and doubly-bonded O atom

Biochemistry: Yr1 (7 decks)

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