Stuarts - chapter 4: Religion and religious divisions

Question 1

what was the Millenary petition? (1603)

Answer 1

A moderate request for changes in certain practices within the Church of England, presented to King James I of England in April 1603 by Puritan ministers. It received its name from the claim by the authors that it had been signed by 1,000

Question 2

What was the impact of The Millenary Petition ?

Answer 2

It initiated a debate over the religious establishment that James intended to defend. The king called a number of his leading bishops to hold a formal disputation with the reformers.

Question 3

what was the Hampton court conference?

Answer 3

a meeting at the Hampton Court Palace, near London, in January 1604, in response to the Millenary Petition, in which the Puritans set forth their demands for reform of the Church of England. The conference was presided over by King James I and attended by the bishops and the Puritan leaders. Among the reforms discussed were changes in church government, changes in The Book of Common Prayer, and a new translation of the Bible.

Question 4

James 1 at the Hampton court conference?

Answer 4

saw the king in his element. He took a personal role in the debate and made clear that he hoped to find a place in his church for moderates of all stripes. It was only extremists that he intended to “harry from the land,” those who, unlike the supporters of the Millenary Petition, sought to tear down the established church. The king responded favourably to the call for creating a better-educated and better-paid clergy and referred several doctrinal matters to the consideration of convocation.

Question 5

Result of the Hampton court conference?

Answer 5

only a few of the points raised by the petitioners found their way into the revised canons of 1604. - the most important result of the conference was the establishment of a commission to provide an authorized English translation of the Bible, the King James Version (1611).

Question 6

What did James desire for catholics and puritans in his church?

Answer 6

James’s hope was that moderates of all persuasions, Roman Catholic and Protestant alike, might dwell together in his church. He offered to preside at a general council of all the Christian churches—Catholic and Protestant—to seek a general reconciliation. Only liberals in all churches took his offer seriously.

Question 7

James regarding religion leading to the gunpowder plot?

Answer 7

He sought to find a formula for suspending or ameliorating the laws against Catholics if they would take a binding oath of political obedience. Most Catholics were attracted by the offer, but James’s plans failed when an unrepresentative group of Catholics, disappointed that this son of a Catholic queen had not immediately restored Catholic liberties, plotted to kill him, his family, and his leading supporters by blowing up the Houses of Parliament in the course of a state opening, using gunpowder secreted in a cellar immediately beneath the House of Lords.

Question 8

What was the gunpowder plot? (1605)

Answer 8

the conspiracy of English Roman Catholics to blow up Parliament and King James I, his queen, and his eldest son on November 5, 1605. The leader of the plot, Robert Catesby, together with his four coconspirators—Thomas Winter, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Guy Fawkes—were zealous Roman Catholics angered by James’s refusal to grant more religious toleration to Catholics. — Apparently hoping that the plan could provide an opportunity for the English Catholics to take over the country.

Question 9

Impact of the gunpowder plot?

Answer 9

The failure of the Gunpowder Plot (1605) led to reprisals against Catholics and prevented James from going any further than exhibiting humane leniency toward them in the later years of his reign.

Question 10

Religion and religious divisions under James summary

Answer 10

Aside from the gun powder plot, James’s ecumenical outlook did much to defuse religious conflict and led to 20 years of relative peace within the English church.

Question 11

What does the term “Anglican” mean?

Answer 11

• Moderate Calvinist theology.

* Made up the majority of people in England.

Question 12

How much of the English population were Catholics?

Answer 12

5%

Question 13

What does the term “Puritan” mean?

Answer 13

• Resented Bishops.
• Calvinists.
• Wanted further reform in the Church.

Question 14

Define “Presbyterian”:

Answer 14

‘A group based in Scotland who did not have Bishops and did not recognise the monarch as the head of the Church.

Question 15

What was a key belief in Calvinism?

Answer 15

Predestination. (If you go to heaven or hell was predetermined.)

Question 16

Who was John Calvin?

Answer 16

• Created Calvinism.

* Reformed the Church in Geneva.

Question 17

What was arminianism?

Answer 17

• Derived from Dutch Theology. (Jacobus Arminius).
• Emphasised the idea of Free Will.
• Opposed Calvinism.

Question 18

What did ‘Via Media’ mean?

Answer 18

‘Middle Way’.

Question 19

What was ‘Via Media’?

Answer 19

• Started by Elizabeth in 1559, and was commonly accepted by 1603./
• Established a state religion of Protestantism, but Catholics who conformed in society was socially acceptable.

Question 20

What were the ‘39 articles’?

Answer 20

• Created and introduced during Elizabeth’s Reign.

* Stated what the English Church Believed.

Question 21

What was ‘Erastian’?

Answer 21

The belief that the state should govern the Church.

Question 22

What was the book of sports?

Answer 22

The document that set out what activities were and were not permitted on the Sabbath (Sunday).

Question 23

Describe the dispute that led to the book of sports being created in 1617.

Answer 23

Puritan magistrates in Lancashire had forbidden a number of activities on a Sunday that James hadn’t consented to. He created the book of sports to create clarity in 1617 and exteneded its reach to become national in 1618.

Question 24

How many bills were put forward in 1604 requesting Church reform?

Answer 24

Over 70

Question 25

Why did George Abbot promote George Villiers as a new royal favourite to replace Robert Carr?

Answer 25

Abbot was opposed to the divorce of Frances Howard from the Earl of Essex purely for the gratification of Robert Carr.

Question 26

What were the names of the three archbishops who served under James?

Answer 26

John Whitgift
Richard Bancroft
George Abbot

Question 27

How did Charles’ marriage to Henrietta Maria cause conflict?

Answer 27

When the Spanish Match collapse, many people in Parliament were happy, and celebrated the event.
So when Charles instead married a French Catholic, this was not much more popular than the Spanish Match.

Question 28

Who was Cardinal Richelieu?

Answer 28

Louis XIII’s Chief Minister from 1624.
He was determined to reduce the power of Spain.
He wanted to restore the power of the French Monarch.

Question 29

What was Cardinal Richelieu’s stance on the war with Spain?

Answer 29

He was opposed to any direct intervention.
He wanted Spain to remain locked in war.
He wanted to use this opportunity to grow French interests elsewhere.

Question 30

What Religious reform in England was Cardinal Richelieu pushing for?

Answer 30

Reduction of the Penal Laws.

Allowing Charles’ wife to attend Catholic services.

Question 31

James and charles key belief…

Answer 31

Divine right of kings: political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It stems from a specific metaphysical framework in which the king is pre-selected as an heir prior to their birth. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving his right to rule directly from the will of God

Question 32

How was Religion an issue in the 1625 Parliament?

Answer 32

MP’s were concerned about the relaxed enforcement of the Penal Laws.
Charles was not willing to listen, so Parliament threatened to withhold financial support until he granted their demands.
Parliament began to attack Richard Montagu, who was an Arminian, who Charles defended

Question 33

When did Charles disolve the 1625 Parliament?

Answer 33

12th August 1625.

Question 34

How was Religion an issue in the 1626 ?

2nd parliament

Answer 34

The Religious situation had begun to ease due to increased enforcment of the Penal Laws, and due to the fact Charles had sent his Wife’s Servants back to France.
However William Laud had begun to rise in power, he preached a Sermon at the opening of Parliament, and had begun to increase his power.

Question 35

Why did the religious question and the rise of Arminianism cause an issue in the 1629 parliament?

Answer 35

A series of deaths among bishops had lead to Charles being able to fill those positions with 8 new bishops of his choice. This included Laud as bishop of London and Montagu as Chichester. This was provocative on the part of Charles as they were unpopular with many MPs.

Question 36

What were the 3 resolutions forcibly passed in the 1629 parliament?

Answer 36

• Those advertising popish or Arminian innovations in religion were ‘capital enemies to this kingdom’
• Those who participated in the collection of Customs duties were ‘innovators in the government’ and ‘capital enemies to this kingdom’
• Those who paid Customs duties were ‘betrayers of the liberty of England and enemies to the same’