Stuart England

Question 1

James I

Answer 1

June 1566 – 27 March 1625
became King of Scotland at the age of thirteen months, succeeding his mother Mary, Queen of Scots
Talented scholar
sponsored the translation of the Bible that was named after him: the Authorised King James Version

Question 2

James II

Answer 2

14 October 1633–16 September 1701
Members of Britain’s political and religious elite increasingly opposed him for being pro-French and pro-Catholic, and for his designs on becoming an absolute monarch
belief in the Divine Right of Kings
tension made James’s four-year reign a struggle for supremacy between the English Parliament and the Crown, resulting in his deposition, the passage of the English Bill of Rights, and the Hanoverian succession

Question 3

Charles II

Answer 3

29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685
Cromwell defeated Charles at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, and Charles fled to mainland Europe
On 29 May 1660, his 30th birthday, he was received in London to public acclaim
enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England.
Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1681, and ruled alone until his death on 6 February 1685

Question 4

Charles I

Answer 4

19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649
execution in 1649
struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles believed was divinely ordained

Question 5

A Trew Law of Free Monarchies

Answer 5

a treatise or essay of political theory by James VI of Scotland
remarkable for setting out the doctrine of the divine right of kings in Scotland, and latterly England, for the first time. James saw the divine right of kings as an extension of the apostolic succession

Question 6

Millenary Petition

Answer 6

a list of requests given to James I by Puritans in 1603 when he was travelling to London in order to claim the English throne
document expressed Puritan distaste regarding the state of the Anglican Church, and took into consideration James’ religious views

Question 7

Petition of Rights

Answer 7

major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing. Passed on 7 June 1628, the Petition contains restrictions on non-Parliamentary taxation, forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and restricts the use of martial law

Question 8

Thorough Policy

Answer 8

name given by Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford to a scheme of his to establish absolute monarchy in England. Although “Thorough” is largely attributed to Strafford, its implementation can also be accredited to the Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud

Question 9

William Laud

Answer 9

7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645
was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633 to 1645. One of the High Church Caroline divines, he opposed radical forms of Puritanism. This, and his support for King Charles I, resulted in his beheading in the midst of the English Civil War.

Question 10

John Pym

Answer 10

1584 – 8 December 1643

an English parliamentarian, leader of the Long Parliament and a prominent critic of James I and then Charles I

Question 11

Grand Remonstrance

Answer 11

a list of grievances presented to King Charles I of England by the English Parliament on 1 December 1641, but passed by the House of Commons on the 22nd of November 1641, during the Long Parliament; it was one of the chief events which were to precipitate the English Civil War

Question 12

Roundheads

Answer 12

Soldiers who supported Parliament during the English Civil War

Question 13

New Model Army

Answer 13

formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War, and was disbanded in 1660 after the Restoration. It differed from other armies in the series of civil wars referred to as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in that it was intended as an army liable for service anywhere in the country (including in Scotland and Ireland), rather than being tied to a single area or garrison

Question 14

Cavaliers

Answer 14

name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I and son Charles II during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration

Question 15

Pride’s Purge

Answer 15

event that took place in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents. It is arguably the only military coup d’état in English history

Question 16

William of Orange

Answer 16

November 1650 – 8 March 170
participated in several wars against the powerful Catholic king of France, Louis XIV, in coalition with Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe. Many Protestants heralded him as a champion of their faith

Question 17

English Bill of Rights

Answer 17

an Act of the Parliament of England passed on 16 December 1689. It was a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William and Mary in March 1689 (or 1688 by Old Style dating), inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England

Question 18

Act of Settlement 1701

Answer 18

an act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns and thrones on the Electress Sophia of Hanover (a granddaughter of James I) and her Protestant heirs