Stuart Britain Flashcards
Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658
- Member of the minor gentry
- Political conservative and moderate
- Elected as MP in 1640 and became a prominent figure in settlement politics
Charles II 1630-1685
- Eldest son of Charles I
2. Lived in exile in Europe until restoration to the throne in 1660
Thomas Fairfax 1612-1671
- General of Parliament’s Northern Association Army
- Appointed commander-in-chief of NMA in 1645
- Excellent general but poor politician: he was increasingly side-lined by Cromwell and Ireton with the politicalisation of the NMA
John Lilburne
- Puritan who had suffered prosecution under Charles I in the 1630s
- Joined Eastern Association Army in 1644 but resigned in protest at alliance with the Scots (Solemn League and Covenant)
- Spokesman for Leveller movement, opposing Ireton at the Whitehall Debates in December 1648
Thomas Harrison 1616-1660
- Leading figure in Fifth Monarchist movement
- Recruiter MP in 1646
- Political radical
Henry Ireton 1611-1651
- Theoretician for NMA
- Driving force behind regicide
- Political radical
John Lambert 1619-1684
- Important figure for ‘military’ Cromwellians
George Monck 1608-1670
- Mercenary soldier during the Thirty Years’ War
- Fought for Charles during English Civil War
- Persuaded by Cromwell to join NMA in Scotland in the 1650s
- Political conservative: initially loyal to Richard Cromwell but established ties with Charles Stuart, creating an army politically distinct from the NMA which was crucial in the Restoration
Arthur Haselrig 1601-1661
- One of the ‘Five Members’ who Charles attempted to arrest in 1642 for high treason
- Republican (although he refused to sit at the king’s trial) but was a leading figure in the Rump
- Opposed the Protectorate, was removed as an MP and excluded from Second Protectorate Parliament
- Key figure in alienating army leaders, especially Lambert
- Leader of restored Commonwealth; died awaiting trial for treason in 1661 in the Tower of London
Richard Cromwell 1626-1712
- Son of Oliver Cromwell (nominated by father as next Protector)
- Favour shown to civilian Cromwellians led to his removal by the army in 1659
- Left country at start of Restoration
Richard Overton 1599-1664
- Leveller
2. Pamphleteer
Thomas Pride 1606-1658
- One of the regicides of Charles I
2. Instigator of Pride’s Purge
William Sydenham 1615-1661
- Cromwellian soldier
- Political conservative who defended liberties of the people
- Member of various parliaments within the Commonwealth
- Expelled from Long Parliament in 1660 and perpetually incapacitated from holding office by the Indemnity and Oblivion Act
Bulstrode Whitelock 1605-1675
- Opposed Monck’s schemes re Restoration but failed to make terms with Charles II
- Expelled from office under Indemnity and Oblivion Act
Republic
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives rather than a monarch
Apocalyptic
Relating to complete destruction; in this context, the term relates to to Apocalypse, or the end of the world as described in Revelation
Rule of the saints/hagiocracy
A state run by the religious leaders; in essence, a theocracy; ‘saints’ in this context refers to people considered godly
Interregnum
A period represented by a lapse in the normal form of government by monarchy: 1649-1660
Blasphemy Act
An Act by the Rump to prevent what they saw as the increasing threat of radical ideas and groups, like the Ranters and the Quakers
Chancery
One of the leading central royal courts for the resolution of a wide range of disputes, particularly land-based or financial, between members of the Political Nation
Lay patronage
‘Lay’ means non-clerical; the lay patronage system allowed the leading gentry of an area to determine who should be the vicar
Council of State
The Council would select Cromwell’s successor and guide the Protector on policy; the Council was not controlled by Parliament, and it recruited its own members, who held their positions for life
Ordinances
Authoritative law or decrees
Decimation tax
Fine of 10% of annual income imposed on the wealthy Royalists from 1655 to fund local militias
Quaker
A member of a Christian movement founded in the early 1650s that was devoted to peaceful principles
Restoration
The reimposition of monarchy in 1660 with the accession of Charles Stuart, Charles I’s eldest son, as Charles II; some people used the term ‘Revolution’ for this turn of events, in the sense of a revolution being a cyclical return to the previous norm
The franchise
The right to vote; the Levellers sought to extend the right to vote to all men
When did the Rump vote to abolish the House of Lords?
6 February 1649
When did the Rump vote to abolish the monarchy?
7 February 1649
When did the Rump pass an act establishing the Commonwealth of England?
19 May 1649
When did the Rump pass an engagement act?
2 January 1650
When did the Rump pass a Treason Act?
2 July 1650
What were the Rump’s five main attempts to secure power?
- Vote to abolish the House of Lords
- Vote to abolish the monarchy
- Act to establish Commonwealth
- Engagement Act
- Treason Act
When did Oliver Cromwell die?
3 September 1658
When did the Third Protectorate Parliament commence?
27 January 1659
When was the Rump reinstated?
7 May 1659
When did Booth’s rising take place?
1 August 1659
When did Lambert dissolve the Rump?
13 October 1659
When was the Committee of Safety established?
26 October 1659
When did three regiments reinstate the Rump?
26 December 1659
When did Monck enter England?
1 January 1660
When were the purged 1648 MPs readmitted?
3 February 1660
When did the Long Parliament dissolve itself?
16 March 1660
When was the Declaration of Breda?
4 April 1660
When was the Meeting of Convention Parliament?
25 April 1660
When was the Great Plague?
1665
When was the Convention Parliament declared for Charles Stuart?
8 May 1660
When did Charles II enter London?
29 May 1660
When was the Second Dutch War?
1665-1667
When was the Great Fire of London?
1666
When was the fall of Clarendon?
1667
When was the Treaty of Dover signed?
1670
When was the Declaration of Indulgence?
1672
When was the Third Dutch War?
1672-1674
When was the Treaty of Westminster?
1674
