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Stuart Britain Flashcards

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1
Q

Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658

A
  1. Member of the minor gentry
  2. Political conservative and moderate
  3. Elected as MP in 1640 and became a prominent figure in settlement politics
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2
Q

Charles II 1630-1685

A
  1. Eldest son of Charles I

2. Lived in exile in Europe until restoration to the throne in 1660

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3
Q

Thomas Fairfax 1612-1671

A
  1. General of Parliament’s Northern Association Army
  2. Appointed commander-in-chief of NMA in 1645
  3. Excellent general but poor politician: he was increasingly side-lined by Cromwell and Ireton with the politicalisation of the NMA
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4
Q

John Lilburne

A
  1. Puritan who had suffered prosecution under Charles I in the 1630s
  2. Joined Eastern Association Army in 1644 but resigned in protest at alliance with the Scots (Solemn League and Covenant)
  3. Spokesman for Leveller movement, opposing Ireton at the Whitehall Debates in December 1648
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5
Q

Thomas Harrison 1616-1660

A
  1. Leading figure in Fifth Monarchist movement
  2. Recruiter MP in 1646
  3. Political radical
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6
Q

Henry Ireton 1611-1651

A
  1. Theoretician for NMA
  2. Driving force behind regicide
  3. Political radical
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7
Q

John Lambert 1619-1684

A
  1. Important figure for ‘military’ Cromwellians
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8
Q

George Monck 1608-1670

A
  1. Mercenary soldier during the Thirty Years’ War
  2. Fought for Charles during English Civil War
  3. Persuaded by Cromwell to join NMA in Scotland in the 1650s
  4. Political conservative: initially loyal to Richard Cromwell but established ties with Charles Stuart, creating an army politically distinct from the NMA which was crucial in the Restoration
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9
Q

Arthur Haselrig 1601-1661

A
  1. One of the ‘Five Members’ who Charles attempted to arrest in 1642 for high treason
  2. Republican (although he refused to sit at the king’s trial) but was a leading figure in the Rump
  3. Opposed the Protectorate, was removed as an MP and excluded from Second Protectorate Parliament
  4. Key figure in alienating army leaders, especially Lambert
  5. Leader of restored Commonwealth; died awaiting trial for treason in 1661 in the Tower of London
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10
Q

Richard Cromwell 1626-1712

A
  1. Son of Oliver Cromwell (nominated by father as next Protector)
  2. Favour shown to civilian Cromwellians led to his removal by the army in 1659
  3. Left country at start of Restoration
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11
Q

Richard Overton 1599-1664

A
  1. Leveller

2. Pamphleteer

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12
Q

Thomas Pride 1606-1658

A
  1. One of the regicides of Charles I

2. Instigator of Pride’s Purge

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13
Q

William Sydenham 1615-1661

A
  1. Cromwellian soldier
  2. Political conservative who defended liberties of the people
  3. Member of various parliaments within the Commonwealth
  4. Expelled from Long Parliament in 1660 and perpetually incapacitated from holding office by the Indemnity and Oblivion Act
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14
Q

Bulstrode Whitelock 1605-1675

A
  1. Opposed Monck’s schemes re Restoration but failed to make terms with Charles II
  2. Expelled from office under Indemnity and Oblivion Act
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15
Q

Republic

A

A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives rather than a monarch

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16
Q

Apocalyptic

A

Relating to complete destruction; in this context, the term relates to to Apocalypse, or the end of the world as described in Revelation

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17
Q

Rule of the saints/hagiocracy

A

A state run by the religious leaders; in essence, a theocracy; ‘saints’ in this context refers to people considered godly

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18
Q

Interregnum

A

A period represented by a lapse in the normal form of government by monarchy: 1649-1660

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19
Q

Blasphemy Act

A

An Act by the Rump to prevent what they saw as the increasing threat of radical ideas and groups, like the Ranters and the Quakers

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20
Q

Chancery

A

One of the leading central royal courts for the resolution of a wide range of disputes, particularly land-based or financial, between members of the Political Nation

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21
Q

Lay patronage

A

‘Lay’ means non-clerical; the lay patronage system allowed the leading gentry of an area to determine who should be the vicar

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22
Q

Council of State

A

The Council would select Cromwell’s successor and guide the Protector on policy; the Council was not controlled by Parliament, and it recruited its own members, who held their positions for life

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23
Q

Ordinances

A

Authoritative law or decrees

24
Q

Decimation tax

A

Fine of 10% of annual income imposed on the wealthy Royalists from 1655 to fund local militias

25
Q

Quaker

A

A member of a Christian movement founded in the early 1650s that was devoted to peaceful principles

26
Q

Restoration

A

The reimposition of monarchy in 1660 with the accession of Charles Stuart, Charles I’s eldest son, as Charles II; some people used the term ‘Revolution’ for this turn of events, in the sense of a revolution being a cyclical return to the previous norm

27
Q

The franchise

A

The right to vote; the Levellers sought to extend the right to vote to all men

28
Q

When did the Rump vote to abolish the House of Lords?

A

6 February 1649

29
Q

When did the Rump vote to abolish the monarchy?

A

7 February 1649

30
Q

When did the Rump pass an act establishing the Commonwealth of England?

A

19 May 1649

31
Q

When did the Rump pass an engagement act?

A

2 January 1650

32
Q

When did the Rump pass a Treason Act?

A

2 July 1650

33
Q

What were the Rump’s five main attempts to secure power?

A
  1. Vote to abolish the House of Lords
  2. Vote to abolish the monarchy
  3. Act to establish Commonwealth
  4. Engagement Act
  5. Treason Act
34
Q

When did Oliver Cromwell die?

A

3 September 1658

35
Q

When did the Third Protectorate Parliament commence?

A

27 January 1659

36
Q

When was the Rump reinstated?

A

7 May 1659

37
Q

When did Booth’s rising take place?

A

1 August 1659

38
Q

When did Lambert dissolve the Rump?

A

13 October 1659

39
Q

When was the Committee of Safety established?

A

26 October 1659

40
Q

When did three regiments reinstate the Rump?

A

26 December 1659

41
Q

When did Monck enter England?

A

1 January 1660

42
Q

When were the purged 1648 MPs readmitted?

A

3 February 1660

43
Q

When did the Long Parliament dissolve itself?

A

16 March 1660

44
Q

When was the Declaration of Breda?

A

4 April 1660

45
Q

When was the Meeting of Convention Parliament?

A

25 April 1660

46
Q

When was the Great Plague?

A

1665

47
Q

When was the Convention Parliament declared for Charles Stuart?

A

8 May 1660

48
Q

When did Charles II enter London?

A

29 May 1660

49
Q

When was the Second Dutch War?

A

1665-1667

50
Q

When was the Great Fire of London?

A

1666

51
Q

When was the fall of Clarendon?

A

1667

52
Q

When was the Treaty of Dover signed?

A

1670

53
Q

When was the Declaration of Indulgence?

A

1672

54
Q

When was the Third Dutch War?

A

1672-1674

55
Q

When was the Treaty of Westminster?

A

1674

History (1 decks)

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