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GE 7 > STS Midterms > Flashcards

STS Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

it is a broad field of study that is focused in discovering how the nature works and using that knowledge to describe what is likely to happen in nature

A

Science

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2
Q

it is based on the assumption that events in the physical world follows orderly _____ and ___ patterns that can be understand through careful observation, measurements, and experimentations.

A

cause and effect patterns

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3
Q

what are the 6 steps in scientific method?

A
  1. make an observation
  2. make a question
  3. make a hypothesis
  4. conduct an experiment
  5. draw a conclusion
  6. report your results
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4
Q

it is a pursuit of knowledge about the natural world through systematic observation and experimentation. through this, we can develop technology

A

science

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5
Q

it is the application of scientific knowledge to into a practical purposes

A

technology

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6
Q

science use this in the experimentation process

A

technology

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7
Q

it is the SUM TOTAL of our INTERACTIONS as humans, including the interactions that we engage in to figure things out and make things

A

society

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8
Q

a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction

A

society

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9
Q

a large social group that share the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority or dominant cultural expectations

A

society `

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10
Q

how is science and technology affect society?

A

science influences society through its knowledge and world view

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11
Q

the ___ and ____ used by the scientists influence the way many thinks about themselves, others, and the environment

A

scientific knowledge and procedures

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12
Q

how is science and technology affects society? give me 5

A
  1. science influences the way people thinks
  2. it is making our life easier
  3. science has given us the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics, education, and justice
  4. to create cultures
  5. to improve human conditions
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13
Q

the effect of science in the society is neither ______ nor _____

A

completely beneficial nor completely detrimental

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14
Q

the impact of science in the society is ____. but society also influences science

A

evident

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15
Q

how does society affects science?

A

the society values and beliefs affects what scientists will study and how they do it. the way society thinks and acts shapes how science is done and what questions asked.

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16
Q

science to society

A

seeks to improve

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17
Q

science to technology

A

inform

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18
Q

society to science

A

demands more

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19
Q

technology to science

A

demands more

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20
Q

because of science, society?

A

benefits from

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21
Q

because of science, technology?

A

makes life easier

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22
Q

it is the use or application of scientific knowledge for specific purposes

A

technology

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23
Q

what are the 8 ancient periods? from oldest to the latest

A
  1. sumerian civilization
  2. babylonian civilization
  3. egyptian civilization
  4. greek civilization
  5. roman civilization
  6. chinese civilization
  7. medieval or middle age
  8. modern times
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24
Q

improvements in the field of science and technology are products of __________ or ___________ of the earlier works

A

products of people’s imagination or
gradual improvements of the earlier works

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25
Q

in ancient time, people were concerned about:
TWCCE

A

transportation
weapons and armors
communication
conservation of life
engineering and architecture

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26
Q

out of necessity, people from ancient times were able to ____ and _____ things that would impact the lives of modern people

A

discover and invent things

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27
Q

location: southernmost tip of the ancient Mesopotamia (Tigris-Euphrates River)

A

Sumerian civilization

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28
Q

the Sumerian civilization flourished between what BCE

A

4100- 1750 BCE

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29
Q

they are known for their high degree of cooperation and the desire for great things

A

Sumerians

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30
Q

the first writing system which utilizes pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay and left to dry.

A

Cuneiform

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31
Q

the great ziggurat of ur is also known as the

A

mountain of God

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32
Q

the great ziggurat was constructed using

A

sunbaked bricks

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33
Q

Showcases elaborate and intricate Sumerian architecture and the remarkable technology used to build it

A

the Great Ziggurat of Ur

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34
Q

during the Sumerian civilization, these systems were used to bring water from the rivers to areas with scare water supply allowing year-long farming and harvesting.

A

Irrigation System

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35
Q

Were to control flood from the rivers

A

Dikes

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36
Q

some sources attributed this invention to the Sumerians.
it is essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information, and technology.

A

Sailboat

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37
Q

invented this in the later part of their history since tools were already available.

It is used for farm work and food processes. Farmers were able to mill grains with less effort in less time allowing for mass production.

A

wheels

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38
Q

– used in farm cultivation
- Farmers can dig the ground at a faster pace allowing them to plant seeds much faster
- Can cultivate larger parcels of land and increase food production without taking so much time and effort

A

the plow

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39
Q

to facilitate faster and easier travel by organizing the traffic

A

roads

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40
Q

the roads are made up of

A

sunbaked blocks covered with bitumen

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41
Q
  • Very useful during the rainy seasons, when traveling in soft and muddy roads is difficult
A

roads

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42
Q

Babylonian civilization emerged

A

near the Tigris-Euphrates River

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43
Q

Became a great military under King Hammurabi

A

Babylonian Civilization

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44
Q

King Hammurabi ruled from

A

1792-1750 BCE

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45
Q

They are know to be great builders, engineers, and architects

A

Babylon

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46
Q

can be marveled from stories of historians and painting that portrays the place since no physical evidence has been found to prove its existence

A

the hanging garden of Babylon

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47
Q

what are some of the contribution of Sumerians

A
  1. cuneiform
  2. great ziggurat of ur
  3. irrigation and dikes
  4. sailboats
  5. wheel
  6. the plow
  7. roads
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48
Q

According to the legends, the great Babylonian King __________ II built the garden for his wife, Queen ______

A

King Nebuchadnezzar II to Queen Amytis

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49
Q
  • Located in North Africa
A

Egyptian Civilization

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50
Q

Egyptian Civilization flourished on

A

3100-525 BCE

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51
Q
  • Is a plant that grows abundantly near the Nile River in Egypt
  • Made writing a lot easier
A

Paper or Papyrus

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52
Q

these were used before papyrus

A

clay tablets

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53
Q

since engraving ceased to be used in writing, and alongside with the invention of paper or papyrus, ____ for writing is necessary

A

ink

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54
Q

how to make ink? by combining?

A

soot with different chemicals

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55
Q

-ink is used to record

A

history, culture, and codified laws

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56
Q

ink should be _____ and should ______ the elements of nature

A

tamper proof and should withstand the elements of nature

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57
Q

is a system of writing developed by the Egyptians which uses symbols

A

Hieroglyphics

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58
Q

Remains of this writing can still be seen todays and remains to be as famous as the pyramids where they are found

A

Hieroglyphics

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59
Q
  • Hieroglyphics was the ______ that tells the modern world about the history and culture of the ancient Egypt
A

language

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60
Q

– invented the use of this
- For health and aesthetic purposes

A

Cosmetics

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61
Q
  • Wore _____ around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye disease
A

Kohl

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62
Q
  • Believe that wearing make -up protects from ____ and that beauty was a sign of ______.
A

evil and holiness

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63
Q
  • Today, cosmetic industry is a ______ industry
A

multi-billionaire

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64
Q

at present, _______ enhance the appearance of the people who are balding or try new hair trends

A

wig

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65
Q
  • In ancient Egyptian times, the wigs were used to _____________ of wealthy Egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun
A

protect the shaved head

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66
Q

utilizes gravity that affects the flow of the water from one vessel to the other. In the process, time is measured.

A

water clock or clepsydra

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67
Q
  • Was used as a time keeping device
A

water clock or clepsydra

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68
Q

is an archipelago in the southeastern part in Egypt

A

Greece

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69
Q

Greek civilization flourished on

A

1200-323 BCE

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70
Q

when was the death of alexander the great

A

323 BCE

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71
Q

Greece was known to be the

A

birthplace of modern philosophy

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72
Q

Greeks have in depth works on _____ and _____

A

philosophy and mathematics

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73
Q

More than coliseum and the Olympics, the Greek civilization contributed much to the world, especially in the fields of __________

A

science and technology

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74
Q

used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm

A

alarm clock

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75
Q

the alarm clock used?

A

water, small stones or sand

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76
Q

Purpose was to tell an individual when to start and stop

A

alarm clock

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77
Q

used in agricultural processes for milling of grains

A

water mills

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78
Q

The history of the roman empire can be divided in to 3 distinct periods:

A

The period of kings
republican Rome
imperial Rome

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79
Q

the period of kings time

A

625-510 BC

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80
Q

republican Rome time

A

510-31 BC

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81
Q

imperial Rome time

A

31 BC - AD 476

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82
Q

Roman civilization - Considered to be the cradle ______ and ________ during that period

A

politics and government

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83
Q

contained announcements of the roman empire to the people

A

newspaper

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84
Q

– first newspaper, known as the ____

A

gazettes

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85
Q
  • Made before the invention of paper, announcements were engraved on _________ or _________
A

metal or stone tablets

86
Q
  • The invention of paper made ______ of these gazettes a lot easier
A

publication

87
Q
  • stacking of papyrus to form pages bound together, providing covers to protect the papyrus were the first __________ or ______
A

bound book or codex

88
Q

considered the continuous Greek architecture, hence, the resemblance

A

Roman Architecture

89
Q

number system to address the need for a standard counting method

A

Roman Numerals

90
Q
  • Legends claim that the earliest rulers in China were the _______, from ______-______ BC
A

Xia Dynasty from 2100-1600 BC

91
Q

Considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world

A

Chinese dynasty

92
Q

The Chinese dynasty was also known as the

A

middle kingdom

93
Q

Chinese dynasty made famous because of its _____ trade

A

silk trade

94
Q

connected east China to the world making way for cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges.

A

silk

95
Q
  • Used silk, from ________, to produce ___ and _____
A

silkworms for clothing and paper towels

96
Q

made from shredded dried tea leaves

A

tea production

97
Q

Used as a product in trade aside from silk
A famous beverage in the world today

A

tea production

98
Q

the only man-made structure visible from the outer space
to control the borders of China and keep invaders out

A

The Great Wall of China

99
Q

today, some sections are ruin, it is still a world attraction due to its _______ and ______

A

historical significance and architectural grandeur

100
Q

Originally developed by a Chinese alchemist to attain immortality but accidentally developed a black powder

A

gunpowder

101
Q

is also used in fireworks during important celebrations in China

A

gun powder

102
Q

Medieval or Middle Age flourished around

A

500-1500 CE

103
Q
  • Tainted with massive invasions and migrations
A

middle age

104
Q

Wars were prevalent during medieval, and technological advancement for _____, _______, _________, and ______is needed

A

weaponry, navigation, mass food and farm production, and health

105
Q
  • During the latter part of the period, there was a significant increase of population, ____ and ______ among nations increase resulting to greater demand for _________technology
A

trade and commerce; transportation technology

106
Q

Printing press was invented by

A

Johannes Gutenberg

107
Q

Printing press soon evolved to become the

A

mechanical printing press

108
Q

Used to address the need for publishing books that would spread information

A

printing press

109
Q

used to magnify things invisible to the eye

A

microscope

110
Q

was the first to develop the first compound microscope

A

Zacharias Janssen

111
Q

the microscope was key in discovering new means of _____ and _____ various illnesses

A

preventing and curing

112
Q

War Weapons – development of cross bows and long bows, iron body armors and the chainmail

A

war weapons

113
Q

middle age is also known as the _______ , the need for navigational instrument was high

A

age of exploration

114
Q

Together with telescope, the invention of _____, _____, and ________ made sea travel easier and safer

A

compass, oars, and rudders

115
Q

The booming world in the 19th century onwards demanded for ________ at a faster rate

A

production of more goods and services

116
Q

The booming world in the 19th century onwards demanded:
production
transportation
animal operating
communication
connections

A

demanded for production of more goods at a faster rate
- People needed efficient means of transportation
- Animal operating processes needs to be upgraded
- Faster and easier communication
- Establishment of connections between and among countries

117
Q

the needs in the modern times resulted in the development of ______

A

industry

118
Q

the development of industry resulted the modern times were _________ with _______

A

faced with complicated problems

119
Q

a process in foods such as milk and fruit juices are treated with mild heat to eliminate pathogens and increase shelf life

A

pasteurization

120
Q

petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into other products

A

petroleum refinery

121
Q

petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into: _____,_____, and _______

A

gasoline, kerosene, and other products

122
Q
  • It is used to power automobiles, factories, power plants, among others
A

petroleum or crude oil

123
Q
  • At first, people used _________ for generating light
A

animal oil

124
Q

invented by alexander graham bell

A

telephone

125
Q

Maintains connection for ______ and ______ by communicating in real time

A

trade and exploration

126
Q

The government needed communication system to allow them to ______ their _____ ____

A

administer their state affairs

127
Q

History of Science and Technology in the Philippines

A
  1. Pre-colonial Period
  2. Spanish Colonial Period
  3. American Period
  4. Post Commonwealth Era
128
Q
  • Natives in the archipelago already had practices related to science and technology
A

pre-colonial period

129
Q

examples of the natives practices in the pre-colonial period

A

a. Aware about herbal medicine and how to extract it
b. Alphabet
c. Numerical system
d. Weighing and measuring system
e. Calendar
f. Engaged in farming, ship building, mining, and weaving.
g. Trade

130
Q
  • Colonization contributes to the growth of science and technology in the archipelago
A

Spanish colonization period

131
Q

Spanish colonization contributions?

A

introduced formal education system
galleon trade
opening of the Suez canal
filipinos being able to study in europe

132
Q

a. Progress of science and technology continued under American rule, it was inclined towards _______ , ________ , ______ , and _____

A

agriculture, food processing, medicine and pharmacy.

133
Q

American period - not much focus on the development of _____________

A

industrial technology

134
Q

during American period, economy was geared towards _______ and ____

A

agriculture and trade

135
Q

b. Bureau of Government Laboratory was established in _____

A

1901

136
Q

The bureau of government laboratory replaced the _________ which was established under Spanish colonial era

A

Laboratorio Municipal

137
Q

This bureau dealt with the study of_______ and _________

A

tropical diseases and laboratory projects

138
Q

In ______ the bureau of government laboratory was replaced with the bureau of science which was later replaced by the ________ in 1946.

A

1905; institute of science

139
Q

This bureau became the primary research center in the Philippines until WW II

A

Institute of Science

140
Q

what date was the National Research Council of the Philippines established.

A

December 8, 1833

141
Q

e. During President Carlos P. Garcia, the Philippine Congress passed the -___________ which established the National Science Development Board

A

Science Act of 1958

142
Q

Under President Marcos, the _______ of science grew

A

importance

143
Q
  • Under the ___________, the government’s role in supporting the scientific research and invention was acknowledged
A

1973 Philippine Constitution

144
Q

In 1974, a ____________ was included in the government’s Four-Year Development Plan which covers the years ____ - _____

A

science development program ; 1974-1978

145
Q
  • Funding for science was also increased in this era
A

post commonwealth era

146
Q

The national science development board was replaced by the national science and technology authority under Executive Order No. ____

A

Executive Order No. 784

147
Q

In 1986, the National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the _______________, giving science and technology a representation in the cabinet.

A

Department of Science and Technology

148
Q

-Under the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan for the years 1987-1992, the science and technology’s role in ______ and _______ was highlighted

A

economic recovery and sustained economic growth

149
Q

According to Pres. Corazon Aquino during her State of the Nation Address, she said that science and technology development shall be ___________ of the government towards an economic recovery

A

one of the top three priorities

150
Q

In 1988, Pres. Corazon Aquino created the __________ which came up with the first Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP).

A

Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology

151
Q

The plan was for the Philippines to _____________ by the year 2000.

A

achieve newly industrialized country status

152
Q

funding for the science and technology sector tripled from____ million to _____ billion in 1992.

A

464 million to 1.7 billion

153
Q

Influences in the Development of Science & Technology in the Philippines:

 Internal Influences:
1.
2.
3.

 External Influences
1.
2.
3.

A

 Internal Influences
* Survival
* Cultural
* Economic Activities
 External Influences
* Foreign Colonizers
* Trades with foreign countries
* International Economic Demands

154
Q

Factors that influence the development of Filipino Scientist:

A
  • Individual interest + family + natural environment + school science (TEACHERS AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT) + science laboratories (real life context) = Filipino Scientist
155
Q

Filipino Scientists and their Contribution to Society
1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Diosdado P. Banatao
  2. Fe del Mundo
  3. Abelardo Aguilar
  4. Angel C. Alcala
156
Q
  • An engineer
  • Considered as the “Bill Gates of the Philippines”
  • From Malabbac, Iguig, Cagayan
A

Diosdado P. Banatao

157
Q

what did diosdado banatao create?

A
  • Created the PC chipset and the Windows Graphics accelerator chip, which can be found in every personal computer today
158
Q
  • A pediatrician
  • Declared as the national scientist of the Philippines in 1980
  • Born in Manila
A

Fe del Mundo

159
Q

what did fe del mundo create?

A
  • Devised an incubator made out of bamboo, designed for use in rural communities without electrical power
160
Q
  • A doctor from Iloilo City
A

Abelardo Aguilar

161
Q

what did abelardo aguilar discovered?

A
  • Discovered erythromycin in 1949 from isolated micro-organisms found in soil samples collected in Iloilo
162
Q

hwo does erythtomycin work?

A
  • Used to treat several infections
163
Q
  • A biologist
  • Declared National Scientist in the Philippines in 2014
A

Angel C. Alcala

164
Q

Mr. Angel C. Alcala is known for?

A
  • Known for his work on herpetology, and pioneered establishments of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) in the 1970s for preserving marine biodiversity
165
Q

Discoveries and inventions in S & T were due to human needs and wants of:

A

– Transportation
– Communication
– Weapons & armors
– Conservation of life
– Engineering & architecture
– Aesthetics

166
Q

Advancement in Science and Technology have also changed people’s _____ and ______

A

perceptions and beliefs

167
Q

Copernicus publication ___________ in _______ is often cited as the beginning of the scientific revolution

A

“On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spears in 1543

168
Q

what are the 3 revolutions?

A

Copernican revolution
Darwinian Revolution
Freudian Revolution

169
Q
  • Born: 1473-1543
  • Polish Mathematician and Astronomer
A

Nicolaus Copernicus

170
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the concept ?

A

known as “heliocentrism” suggesting that the sun was the center of the solar system

171
Q

was imprisoned because of preaching the heliocentrism

A

Galileo Galilei

172
Q

how many did it took for the church to believe the heliocentrism concept?

A

350 years

173
Q
  • Born in England
A

Charles Darwin

174
Q

what was the concept that Charles Darwin introduced in 1859

A

On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection

175
Q

Two major points that Darwin Proposed:

A
  1. Argued from evidence that species were not specially made in their present forms but have evolved from ancestral species.
  2. A population of organism can change over time as a result of individuals with certain heritable traits. These individuals leave more offsprings than the other individuals.
176
Q

 Proposed a mechanism for evolution:

A

NATURAL SELECTION

177
Q

According to him, - Each rung in the ladder of life was allotted to a living form and all were occupied

A

 Aristotle (384-322 BC)

178
Q
  • The view that species are fixed or permanent and did not evolve held for ______ years.
A

2000 years

179
Q

he said that evolution is real and God is no wizard
“Evolution in nature is not in contrast with the notion of creation”

A

Pope Francis

180
Q
  • Born in 1856-1939
  • Australian Neurologist
  • Founder of Psychoanalysis
A

Sigmund Freud

181
Q

Psychoanalysis designates concomitantly three things:

A
  1. A method of investigating the mind and especially the unconscious mind
  2. A therapy of neurosis inspired by the above method
  3. A new self-standing discipline based on the knowledge gained from the application of the investigation method and clinical experiments
182
Q

THESE THREE ARE JUST SOME OF THE MANY IDEAS THAT TRANSFORMED AND MOLDED ______ and ___________

A

SOCIETIES AND BELIEFS

183
Q

THE CHANGE THEY BROUGHT TO THE _______ AND _______ OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND THE PUBLIC ARE EVIDENCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY’S LINK TO HUMANITY

A

PERSPECTIVES and PERCEPTIONS

184
Q

THROUGH _____ and _______, PEOPLE WILL CONTINUE TO DEEPEN THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD AND THE UNIVERSE

A

RESEARCH AND EXPEIMENTATION,

185
Q

________ as a way of revealing

A

Technology

186
Q

-Sept. 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976
-German Philosopher

A

Martin Heidegger

187
Q

in what years was “The question concerning technology “

A

1953

188
Q

what are the 6 major points of Heidegger ?

A
  1. We tend to think technology as an instrument, a means of getting things done.
  2. Humanity’s orientation to the world takes the form of an enframing which views the world only as “standing reserve”, a source of raw materials
  3. Enframing is the essence of technology
  4. What do we do to save ourselves from the consequences of enframing?
  5. The art of ancient Greek culture, according to Heidegger, expresses humanity’s sense of connectedness with all Being.
  6. We ponder technology and question it. In so doing, we also become aware of the crisis we have plunged the earth into.
189
Q

Village of the Water Mills by

A

Akira Kurosawa

190
Q

what is the title of the article of jason Hickel?

A

Forget developing poor countries, its time to dedevelop rich countries

191
Q
  • According to Aristotle, ________
    is the highest human good for human being; pursuit of becoming a better person
A

Eudaimonia

192
Q
  • An anthropologist
  • An author
  • A fellow of the royal society of arts
  • Professor in a university
A

Dr. Jason Hickel

193
Q

objective to develop; to become a develop country

A

developing country

194
Q

article generated with a lot of criticism; one of the suggested resources by CHED.

A

Forget developing poor countries, its time to dedevelop rich countries

195
Q
  1. Growth isn’t an option anymore, we already ______
A

grown too much

196
Q
  1. We are overshooting our biocapacity for more than ____ % each year
A

50%

197
Q

the capacity of the ecosystems to produce useful biological materials and to absorb waste materials by the humans

A

Biocapacity

197
Q

arises when the ecological footprint of a given population surpasses the biocapacity of the region or the planet it occupies

A
  • Biocapacity deficit -
198
Q

measuring how much nature we use

A
  • Ecological footprint -
199
Q

biocapacity is the ____ while the ecological footprint is the ____

A

supply; demand

200
Q

refers go area and bio productivity

A
  • Biocapacity –
201
Q

refers to the population, consumption per person, and footprint capacity

A

Ecological Footprint

202
Q

using too much

A
  • Footprint intensity –
203
Q
  • People living below 5 dollars a day is increasing yet te economy is increasing by _____%
A

380

204
Q

In 1990 it would have caused ___% of the world to lift everyone above poverty life

A

10.5%

205
Q

In 2013, __% of the world to lift everyone above poverty life

A

3.3%

206
Q

Our capacity to end poverty has been proved by a factor of ___

A

3.18

207
Q
  • It should be ____ global hectare or below per person if we want to have a sustainable use of our resources
A

1.8

208
Q
  • In developing country, path to ____ or __________
A

destruction or saving opportunity

209
Q

Its just a matter of in relation to development _____ - developing a country without destruction

A

taking strategies

210
Q

Gear towards ___ rather than ____

A

quality rather than quantity

211
Q

Either we _________ or ________ will do it for us

A

slow down voluntarily or the climate change

GE 7 (2 decks)

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