STS

Question 1

What are the three impairments related to the flexion momentum phase?

Answer 1

1. inability to get feet back
2. inability to generate trunk momentum
3. reliance on arms

Question 2

Poor timing of TA

Answer 2

RAS
FES
EMG

Question 3

Reduced TA force

Answer 3

decrease friction
target
FES
stool walking

Question 4

Reduced gastroc flexibility

Answer 4

stretching

whole practice with active stretch

Question 5

Reduced ankle proprioception in sitting

Answer 5

approximation
theraband on chair
visual or joint feedback
mental imagery

Question 6

Gastroc spasticity

Answer 6

EMG

Question 7

What sequence is lost when patients do not quickly flex trunk to 60 degrees?

Answer 7

extension of knee, hip, ankle

Question 8

Fear of falling

Answer 8

PT position
part practice
mental image

Question 9

Impaired force of RF and paraspinals

Answer 9

trunk target training (add resistance, scapula and clavicle)

C-curve tracing

Question 10

Impaired fractionation

Answer 10

RAS
target training
forced use (lower seat height)

Question 11

What are the two impairments related to the momentum transfer phase?

Answer 11

1. insufficient flexion of hip, knee, ankle

2. asymmetry in loading

Question 12

Number of degrees needed in momentum transfer?

Answer 12

knee 90
hip 90
ankle 23

Question 13

Reduced limb loading

Answer 13

mental practice
forward reach
destabilize stronger LE
place strong foot forward

Question 14

Reduced orientation to longitudinal axis

Answer 14

visual feedback

Question 15

What are the two impairments in the extension phase?

Answer 15

1. insufficient extension of trunk, hip, knee, and ankle

2. asymmetry in EXT

Question 16

Reduced power of glute max, quad, and calf

Answer 16

part practice 
lower seat height
add resistance 
STS whole practice
Stand to sit (eccentrics)
EMG

Question 17

Problems with STS occur if greater than __ % difference in leg vertical force

Answer 17

30%

Question 18

Why do individuals post stroke not perceive a difference in WT bearing during STS?

Answer 18

perception of motor recruitment effort in quad (trying to achieve the same exertion feeling as before the stroke)

Question 19

Poor orientation to longitudinal axis

Answer 19

visual feedback

Question 20

Reduced limb loading (proprioception and sensation)

Answer 20

proprio- imagery, visual feedback, PNF, approximation

cutaneous sensation- discrimination, FES

Question 21

Ankle PROM and admission FIM cognition scores are predictors of what?

Answer 21

STS outcomes and discharge home

Question 22

What is the one impairment in the stabilization phase?

Answer 22

excessive sway

Question 23

Reduced ankle proprioception in standing

Answer 23

Target practice with Ant. to Post. tibia movement in standing
approximation
push with toes in Ant. sway, lift toes with Post. sway
mental imagery

Question 24

impaired TA activation in standing

Answer 24

FES to TA while swaying post
EMG to AP sways
push lift with toes with post. sway
tapping muscle

Question 25

Reduced gastroc flexibility in standing

Answer 25

stretch
emphasize active ankle DF with heel on ground
mini squats with foot flat

Question 26

Impaired timing of TA and gastroc in standing

Answer 26

EMG
Wall push offs
RAS (clap)