STS 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Ancient period
A
1) Sumerian civilization
2) Babylonian civilization
3) Egyptian civilization
4) Greek civilization
5) Roman civilization
6) Chinese civilization
Medieval/Middle ages
Modern times
2
Q
In ancient times, people were concerned with;
A
Transportation
Communication
Weapons and armors
Conservation of life
Engineering & architecture
3
Q
Out of necessity, people in ancient times were
able to discover and invent things that would
A
impact the lives of the modern people
4
Q
- Located in southern
- most tips of ancient
- Mesopotamia (Tigris Euphrates valley)
A
Sumerian civilization
5
Q
The Sumerian civilization flourished
A
between 4100 BCE – 1750 BCE
6
Q
They are known for their high degree of
cooperation with one another and their desire
for great things, with some of these things connected
with S&T
A
Sumerians
7
Q
- The first writing system that utilizes pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay and left to dry
A
CUNEIFORM
8
Q
- Allowed to keep a record of things with great historical value in their everyday life
A
CUNEIFORM
9
Q
-Also called the mountain of god.
-Constructed using sunbaked bricks
-Showcases elaborate and intricate Sumerian architecture and the remarkable technology used to build it
A
GREAT ZIGGURAT OF UR
10
Q
- As the population increased, so did the demand for food
- Irrigation systems were to bring water from the rivers to areas with scarce water supply allowing year-long farming and harvesting
- Dikes were to control floods from the rivers
A
IRRIGATION AND DIKES
11
Q
- Some sources attributed this invention to the Sumerians
- Essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information, and technology
A
SAILBOATS
12
Q
- Invented the wheel in the later part of their history since tools were already available
- Used for farm work and food processes. Farmers were able to mill grains with less effort in less time allowing for mass production
A
WHEEL
13
Q
- Used in farm cultivation
- farmers can dig the ground at a faster pace allowing them to plant seeds much faster
- Can cultivate larger parcels of land and increase food
production without taking so much time and effort
A
THE PLOW
14
Q
- To facilitate faster and easier travel by organizing the flow of traffic
- Used sun-baked bricks covered with bitumen (a black sticky substance similar to asphalt)
- Very useful, especially during the rainy season when traveling in soft and muddy roads is difficult
A
ROADS
15
Q
- Emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
- Became a great military power under King Hammurabi who ruled from 1792to 1750 BCE
- Great builders, engineers, and architects
A
Babylonian Civilization
16
Q
- Can be marveled from stories of historians and paintings that portray the place since no physical evidence has been found to prove its existence
A
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
17
Q
- According to legends, the great Babylonian King
Nebuchadnezzar II built the gardens for his wife, ____
A
Queen Amytis
18
Q
- Located in North Africa
- 3100 BCE – 525 BCE
- the pyramids are not the only contribution of the Egyptian civilization to the modern world
A
Egyptian civilization
19
Q
- Is a plant that grows abundantly near the Nile River
in Egypt - Made writing a lot easier
- Clay tablets were used before papyrus
A
PAPER OR PAPYRUS
20
Q
- Since engraving ceased to be used in writing, and along with the invention of paper or papyrus,
ink for writing becomes necessary - Combining soot with different chemicals to produce ink
- Used to record history, culture, and codified laws
- Tamper-proof and must withstand the elements of nature
A
INK
21
Q
- A system of writing developed by the Egyptians which uses symbols
- Remains of this form or writing can still be seen today and remains to be as famous as the pyramids where they are found
- Hieroglyphics was the language that tells the modern world of the history and culture of ancient Egypt
A
HIEROGLYPHICS
22
Q
- Invented the use of cosmetics
- For health and aesthetic reasons
- Wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases
- Believed that wearing make-up protects from evil, and that beauty was a sign of holiness
- Today, the cosmetic industry is a multi-billion industry
A
COSMETICS
23
Q
- At present, wigs enhance the appearance of people who are balding or try new hair trends
- In ancient Egyptian times, wigs were used to protect the shaved heads of wealthy Egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun
A
WIG
24
Q
- Utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. In the process, time is measured.
- Was used as a time keeping device
A
WATER CLOCK/CLEPSYDRA
25
- Greece is an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe
- 1200 BCE – 323 BCE (death of Alexander the Great)
- Known as the birthplace of modern philosophy
- In-depth works on philosophy and mathematics
- More than coliseums and the Olympics, the Greek civilization has contributed much to the world, especially in science and technology.
Greek
Civilization
26
Greek Civilization dates back to
1200 BCE – 323 BCE (death of Alexander the Great)
26
- Used significant complicated mechanisms to time the alarm
- Used water, small stones, or sand
- The purpose was to tell an individual when to start or to stop
ALARM CLOCK
26
- Used in agricultural processes like milling of grains
WATER MILL
27
- The history of the Roman Empire can be divided into three distinct periods:
* The Period of Kings (625-510 BC),
* Republican Rome (510-31 BC),
* and Imperial Rome (31 BC-AD 476)
- Considered to be the cradle of politics and governance during that period
= Legislation and codified laws
- A lot of discoveries can be attributed to the Roman Empire
Roman civilization
28
- The history of the Roman Empire can be
divided into three distinct periods:
* The Period o f Kings (625-510 BC),
* Republican Rome (510-31 BC) ,
* and Imperial Rome (31 BC – AD 476)
29
- First newspapers, known as gazettes, contained
announcements of the Roman Empire to the people
- made before the invention of paper, these gazettes were engraved in metal or stone tablets
- The invention of paper made “publication” of these gazettes a lot easier
NEWSPAPER
30
- With the invention of paper, record keeping was made a lot easier, like documenting historical events &
newly passed laws
- Stacking of papyrus to form pages bound together, providing covers to protect the papyrus (like covers
made of animal skin) were the first books or codex
BOUND BOOKS OR CODEX
31
- Considered a continuation of Greek architecture, hence, the resemblance
- Today, people still enjoy these architectural marvels. A testament to the quality of these Roman structures
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
32
- Number system to address the need for a standard counting method
- No longer widely used today due to its inherent limitations but still used at certain times due to its
aesthetic and historical value
ROMAN NUMERALS
33
- Legends claim that the earliest rulers in China
were the Xia Dynasty, from 2100 to 1600 B.C
- Considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia, if not, the world
- Also known as the Middle Kingdom
- Made famous because of its silk trade
Chinese civilization
34
- Legends claim that the earliest rulers in China
were the Xia Dynasty, from
2100 to 1600 B.C
35
- Connected East China to the world making way for cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges
- Used silk, from silkworms to produce paper and clothing
SILK
36
- Made from shredded dried tea leaves
- Used as a product in trade aside from silk
- A famous beverage in the world today
TEA PRODUCTION
37
- The only man-made structure visible from the outer space
- To control the borders of China and keep invaders out
- Today, with some sections in ruin, it is still a world attraction due to its historical significance and
architectural grandeur
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
38
- Originally developed by a Chinese alchemist to attain immortality but accidentality developed a black
powder
- ____ is also used in fireworks during important celebrations in China
GUNPOWDER
39
- 500 – 1500 CE
- Tainted with massive invasions and migrations
- Wars were prevalent, & technological advancement in weaponry, navigation, mass food, and farm production, and health was needed
- During the latter part of the period, there was a significant rise in population, and trade and commerce among nations increased, resulting to greater demand
for transportation technology
Medieval/Middle ages
40
Medieval/Middle ages date backs to
* 500 – 1500 CE
41
- Invented by Johannes Gutenberg
- Soon evolved to become the mechanical printing press
- Used to address the need for publishing books that would spread information
PRINTING PRESS
42
- Used to magnify things invisible to the eye
- Zacharias Janssen was the first to develop the first compound microscope
- The microscope was key in discovering new means of preventing and curing various illnesses
MICROSCOPE
43
- Development of cross bows and long bows, iron body armors and the chainmail
WAR WEAPONS
44
- The Middle Ages is also known as the Age of Exploration. The need for navigational instruments was high
- Together with the telescope, the invention of the compass, oars, and rudders made sea travel easier and safer
TELESCOPE
45
* The booming world of the nineteenth century onwards demanded the production of more goods at a faster rate
* People needed efficient means of transportation
* Animal-operated processes needs to be upgraded
* Faster and easier means of communication
* Establishment of connections between and among nations
* All these resulted in the development of industries. As a result, modern times were faced with complicated problems
Modern Times
46
– a process in foods such as milk and fruit juices are treated with mild heat to eliminate pathogens and
increase shelf life
Pasteurization
47
– petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into
gasoline, kerosene, and other products
Petroleum refinery
48
- Used to power automobiles, factories,
power plants, among others
petroleum (crude
oil)
49
- At first, people used ____ for generating light
animal oils
50
- by Alexander Graham Bell
- Maintains connections for trade and exploration
by communicating in real time
- Governments needed a communication system to
allow them to administer their state affairs
Telephone
