STS Flashcards
Designed the Harvard Mark 1
Howard Aiken
used to make ballistics
calculations during WWII
Harvard Mark 1
Designed and built the first Apple
computer
Steve Wozniak
invented the printing press
Johannes Gutenberg
code-breaking
machine during WWII which contributed
significantly to early computing
Enigma machine
Was credited with creating the Enigma
Alan Turing
Created first clone, Dolly
Professor Sir Ian Wilmut
Social media and the information age
influence human lives through
- Spread educational material quickly and
efficiently - Provide companies with a new
marketing opportunity - Increased global connectivity
- Enhance communication speed
Impact of the information age on the
accessibility of information
increased information accessibility
Famous hobbyist group in the 1970s
that fueled the early personal computing
movement
Homebrew Computer Club
Where the first Apple computer (Apple
1) was showcased
Homebrew Computer Club
The machine that became the
foundation of computer science
Universal Machine
Potential challenge with information age:
- Ethical concerns related to data privacy
- Increased reliance on technology
Its invention later called the computer
Universal Machine
Involves a variety of habits and
communities
Ecological diversity
Developed the first powered solar
system for industrial machinery
Augustine Mouchot
established to phase out substances
that deplete ozone
Montreal Protocol
set in place to reduce the emissions of
greenhouse gases, with the exception
to ozone-depleting substances
Kyoto Protocol
an international agreement managing
the movement of living modified
organisms from one country to another.
Cartagena Protocol
has direct impact on human health
contributes to a balanced ecosystem
that supports food production and
medicine
Biodiversity
Gummy substance from camel thorn
that contains melezitose and sucrose
Manna
How to promote biodiversity conservation?
- Decrease deforestation
- Regulation of use of pesticides
- Implement sustainable practices and
support protected areas - Conservation efforts
During the 1800s to 1900s, especially
during the Industrial Revolution,
biomass such as wood and other
organic materials continued to be a
significant source of energy alongside
the increasing use of coal.
Energy
Derived from opium poppy
Used to relieve severe pain
Morphine
Developed in the Philippines to address
vitamin A deficiency in Asian countries
Golden rice
A gene therapy treatment used to treat
severe combined immunodeficiency due
to adenosine deaminase deficiency
(ADA-SCID)
Strimvelis
Technique of inserting the DNA of
another species into an organism’s DNA
so that organism gains a new trait
Altering DNA of an organism at the
molecular level
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering main goal?
to cure or treat genetic
disorders
Primary purpose:
1. to enhance resistance to disease
2. to increase crop yields
3. to decrease vulnerability to pests
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
The first cloned animal
A sheep
Dolly
Holds promise for treating genetic
disorders by introducing functional
genes or repairing defective ones within
a patient’s cells
Has impact on inherited genetic
disorders’
Gene Therapy
The first scientists to genetically modify an
organism by combining genes from 2
different E. coli in 1973
- Herbert Boyer
- Stanley Cohen
A field of research and innovation
concerned with building things which are
generally materials and devices on the
scale of atoms and molecules
Nanotechnology
because it brings together
various fields of science through its
innovations
Convergent
Development of biological simulation
that destroys cancer cell activities
using drug-bearing nanoparticles
Enhancing diagnostic and
therapeutic techniques at the
molecular level
Application of nanotechnology to
medicine
Key challenge in the responsible
integration of nanotechnology into
society
Lack of interest in scientific
advancements
Silicon oxides and aluminum oxides
Have specific nanoporous cage-like
structures that are used as molecular
sieves
Zeolites
Its development on Earth’s surfaces
controls soil, air, and water
contamination
One breakthrough in agriculture
Ultra-small probes
Common nano contaminants
- Battery waste
- Silver nanoparticles
- Fly ash
Cause of thermal inversion
- Freezing rain or ice storms
- Topography or man-made barriers
- Pollutants from different sources
Contributes to addressing climate
change by encouraging responsible
behaviors and sustainable practices
Environment awareness
Potential consequences of continued
climate change
Rising sea levels
Extreme weather events
Disruptions to ecosystems
Affects albedo, which is the ratio of light
reflected by any part of the Earth’s
atmosphere
Melting of ice
Unusually cold ocean temperature in the
Equatorial Pacific which causes
increased numbers of tropical storms in
the Pacific Ocean.
La Niña
Unusual warming of surface waters in
the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
El Niño
Common greenhouse gases that occurs
naturally
- CO2 (carbon dioxide)
- CH4 (methane)
- NOx (nitric oxides, nitrogen dioxide,
ground-level ozone)
Protects life from UV radiation from the
sun
Stratospheric ozone
Affects the synchronization of pollination
for flowering plants
Ground level ozone
