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Structural Systems > structures - vocab > Flashcards

structures - vocab Flashcards

1
Q

accelerograph

A

seismic instrument, activated by strong earth motion. records motion and shuts itself off

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2
Q

active pressure

A

pressure of retained earth on a retaining wall

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3
Q

allowable stress design

A

design method for most reinforced concrete until 60s; still used with steel sometimes. mostly replaced by strength design

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4
Q

base isolation

A

method of isolating structure from ground with specially designed bearing and dampers that absorb earthquake forces

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5
Q

bearing wall

A

wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight

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6
Q

braced frame

A

vertical truss used to resist lateral forces

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7
Q

camber

A

curve built into a structural member to compensate for deflection

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8
Q

cantilever beam

A

beam restrained against rotation at one end and free at the other end

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9
Q

cantilever footing

synonym

A

exterior column footing joined by a concrete beam to an interior column footing
strap footing

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10
Q

catenary

A

shape of a cable when the only load is its own weight

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11
Q

collector

A

member used to collect seismic load from a diaphragm and deliver it to a shear resisting element

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12
Q

composite beam

A

steel beam and concrete slab connected so they act together as a single structural unit resisting bending stresses

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13
Q

compressive reinforcement

A

reinforcing steel in the compression face of a reinforced concrete beam

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14
Q

continuous beam

A

a beam that rests on more than 2 supports

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15
Q

counterfort wall

A

retaining wall in which stem and base are connected at intervals by transverse counterforts

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16
Q

creep

A

continued deformation of a structural member over time with no increase in load

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17
Q

diaphragm

A

horizontal floor or roof system that distributes lateral forces caused by wind or earthquake; functions as a horizontal girder

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18
Q

drift

A

horizontal movement of a structure when subject to wind or seismic forces

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19
Q

drilled cassion

synonym

A

end-bearing pile; drilled shaft filled with concrete
bottom may be belled
end-bearing cassion

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20
Q

drilled pile

synonym

A

vertical shaft drilled and filled with concrete
supports loads by skin friction
friction pile

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21
Q

ductility (seismic)

A

ability of structural systems and materials to deform and absorb energy without failure or collapse

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22
Q

engineering news formula

A

dynamic formula to determine capacity of driven piles

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23
Q

euler’s equation

A

equation for maximum stress on a slender column without failure due to buckling

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24
Q

expansive soil

A

fine-grained cohesive soil whose volume changes greatly with moisture content

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25
factor of safety
ratio of ultimate strength to working stress for a material
26
fillet weld
usually for shear stress
27
flat plate
slab without column capitals or drop panels
28
flat slab
slab reinforced in 2 directions that brings load directly to supporting columns without beams of girders; usually has column capitals or drop panels
29
folded plate
structural roof sstem made of incluned planes that support each other and function as deep beams
30
gravity wall
retaining wall that resists pressure of earth entirely with its own weight
31
groove weld
joins abutting pieces of metal
32
hooke's law
up to a certain unit stress (the elastic limit) unit stress is directly proportional to unit strain
33
hydrostatic pressure
pressure exerted by a liquid against every surface it contacts
34
hyperbolic paraboloid
thin shell saddle-shaped surface formed by moving a vertical parabola with downward curvature along a perpendicular parabola with an upward curve
35
impact hammer test
non-destructive test of hardened concrete; determines strength
36
kelly ball test
method of measuring workability of fresh concrete
37
lamella
intersecting skewed arch roof system
38
mat foundation
large footing under and entire building; distributes load over entire area
39
modifiec mercalli scale
measures intensity of an earthquake
40
modulus of elasticity
E | within the elastic limit, the constant ratio of unit stress to unit strain
41
moment of inertia
sum of products of units of area multiplied by the square of the distance from the neutral axis
42
moment-resisting frame | synonym
frame with rigid joints in which members and joints resist vertical and horizontal forces primarily in bending rigid frame
43
natural period of vibration
time for structure to go through one complete back-and-forth motion under action of dynamic loading
44
overhanging beam
beam on 2 or more supports with one or both ends projecting beyond the support
45
point of inflection
point where bending moment changes sign and has a value of 0
46
proctor test
lab compaction test to determine optimum moisture content and density for soil
47
radiographic inspection
non-destructive testing of welded joints using x-rays and gamma rays
48
radius of gyration
in column design, the square root of the moment of inertial divided by the cross-sectional area
49
redundant member
any truss member not necessary for stability
50
response spectrum
curve showing max. acceleration of idealized structures when subject to earthquake motion
51
richter scale
logarithmic scale to measure earthquake magnitude
52
section modulus
ratio of moment of inertial to distance from neutral axis to most remote fiber
53
shear
stress that tends to make members of 2 parts of one member slide past each other
54
shear wall
wall designed to resist lateral forces parallel to itself wind or seismic)
55
slenderness ratio
length over radius of gration
56
slump test
test for mixed concrete; determines consistency and workability
57
space frame
interconnected grid of trusses connected rigidly
58
spiral column
reinforced concrete column with continuous steel spiral rebar and vertical rebar
59
statically determinate
structure whose reactions can be determined from equilibrium
60
stiffness
resistance to deformation
61
stirrup
rebar U shape; for shear stresses
62
strain
deformation of a body caused by external forces
63
strength design
method for reinforced concrete design; used in steel since the 80s
64
stress
internal force in a body that resists an external force
65
surcharge
increased earth pressure against a retaining wall caused by vertical load behind the wall or a sloping ground surface
66
t-beam
reinforced concrete beam which comprises part of the slab and integral beam
67
thin shell
structure with curved surface supporting loads by tensions, compression and shear in its plane; too thin to resist bending stresses
68
tied column
separate horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars
69
torsion
rotation caused in a rigid diaphragm when center of mass is not the same as center of rigidity under lateral loads
70
ultimate strength
maximum unit stress that can be developed in a material
71
ultrasonic testing
non-destructive testing of welded joints with high-frequency sound waves
72
vierendeel truss
truss with no diagonals
73
wall footing
continuous spread footing supporting uniformly loaded wall
74
yield stress
unit stress at which a material deforms with no increase in load

Structural Systems (3 decks)

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