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Structural Systems > structures - vocab > Flashcards

structures - vocab Flashcards

1
Q

accelerograph

A

seismic instrument, activated by strong earth motion. records motion and shuts itself off

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2
Q

active pressure

A

pressure of retained earth on a retaining wall

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3
Q

allowable stress design

A

design method for most reinforced concrete until 60s; still used with steel sometimes. mostly replaced by strength design

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4
Q

base isolation

A

method of isolating structure from ground with specially designed bearing and dampers that absorb earthquake forces

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5
Q

bearing wall

A

wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight

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6
Q

braced frame

A

vertical truss used to resist lateral forces

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7
Q

camber

A

curve built into a structural member to compensate for deflection

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8
Q

cantilever beam

A

beam restrained against rotation at one end and free at the other end

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9
Q

cantilever footing

synonym

A

exterior column footing joined by a concrete beam to an interior column footing
strap footing

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10
Q

catenary

A

shape of a cable when the only load is its own weight

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11
Q

collector

A

member used to collect seismic load from a diaphragm and deliver it to a shear resisting element

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12
Q

composite beam

A

steel beam and concrete slab connected so they act together as a single structural unit resisting bending stresses

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13
Q

compressive reinforcement

A

reinforcing steel in the compression face of a reinforced concrete beam

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14
Q

continuous beam

A

a beam that rests on more than 2 supports

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15
Q

counterfort wall

A

retaining wall in which stem and base are connected at intervals by transverse counterforts

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16
Q

creep

A

continued deformation of a structural member over time with no increase in load

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17
Q

diaphragm

A

horizontal floor or roof system that distributes lateral forces caused by wind or earthquake; functions as a horizontal girder

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18
Q

drift

A

horizontal movement of a structure when subject to wind or seismic forces

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19
Q

drilled cassion

synonym

A

end-bearing pile; drilled shaft filled with concrete
bottom may be belled
end-bearing cassion

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20
Q

drilled pile

synonym

A

vertical shaft drilled and filled with concrete
supports loads by skin friction
friction pile

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21
Q

ductility (seismic)

A

ability of structural systems and materials to deform and absorb energy without failure or collapse

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22
Q

engineering news formula

A

dynamic formula to determine capacity of driven piles

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23
Q

euler’s equation

A

equation for maximum stress on a slender column without failure due to buckling

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24
Q

expansive soil

A

fine-grained cohesive soil whose volume changes greatly with moisture content

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25
Q

factor of safety

A

ratio of ultimate strength to working stress for a material

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26
Q

fillet weld

A

usually for shear stress

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27
Q

flat plate

A

slab without column capitals or drop panels

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28
Q

flat slab

A

slab reinforced in 2 directions that brings load directly to supporting columns without beams of girders; usually has column capitals or drop panels

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29
Q

folded plate

A

structural roof sstem made of incluned planes that support each other and function as deep beams

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30
Q

gravity wall

A

retaining wall that resists pressure of earth entirely with its own weight

31
Q

groove weld

A

joins abutting pieces of metal

32
Q

hooke’s law

A

up to a certain unit stress (the elastic limit) unit stress is directly proportional to unit strain

33
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by a liquid against every surface it contacts

34
Q

hyperbolic paraboloid

A

thin shell saddle-shaped surface formed by moving a vertical parabola with downward curvature along a perpendicular parabola with an upward curve

35
Q

impact hammer test

A

non-destructive test of hardened concrete; determines strength

36
Q

kelly ball test

A

method of measuring workability of fresh concrete

37
Q

lamella

A

intersecting skewed arch roof system

38
Q

mat foundation

A

large footing under and entire building; distributes load over entire area

39
Q

modifiec mercalli scale

A

measures intensity of an earthquake

40
Q

modulus of elasticity

A

E

within the elastic limit, the constant ratio of unit stress to unit strain

41
Q

moment of inertia

A

sum of products of units of area multiplied by the square of the distance from the neutral axis

42
Q

moment-resisting frame

synonym

A

frame with rigid joints in which members and joints resist vertical and horizontal forces primarily in bending
rigid frame

43
Q

natural period of vibration

A

time for structure to go through one complete back-and-forth motion under action of dynamic loading

44
Q

overhanging beam

A

beam on 2 or more supports with one or both ends projecting beyond the support

45
Q

point of inflection

A

point where bending moment changes sign and has a value of 0

46
Q

proctor test

A

lab compaction test to determine optimum moisture content and density for soil

47
Q

radiographic inspection

A

non-destructive testing of welded joints using x-rays and gamma rays

48
Q

radius of gyration

A

in column design, the square root of the moment of inertial divided by the cross-sectional area

49
Q

redundant member

A

any truss member not necessary for stability

50
Q

response spectrum

A

curve showing max. acceleration of idealized structures when subject to earthquake motion

51
Q

richter scale

A

logarithmic scale to measure earthquake magnitude

52
Q

section modulus

A

ratio of moment of inertial to distance from neutral axis to most remote fiber

53
Q

shear

A

stress that tends to make members of 2 parts of one member slide past each other

54
Q

shear wall

A

wall designed to resist lateral forces parallel to itself wind or seismic)

55
Q

slenderness ratio

A

length over radius of gration

56
Q

slump test

A

test for mixed concrete; determines consistency and workability

57
Q

space frame

A

interconnected grid of trusses connected rigidly

58
Q

spiral column

A

reinforced concrete column with continuous steel spiral rebar and vertical rebar

59
Q

statically determinate

A

structure whose reactions can be determined from equilibrium

60
Q

stiffness

A

resistance to deformation

61
Q

stirrup

A

rebar U shape; for shear stresses

62
Q

strain

A

deformation of a body caused by external forces

63
Q

strength design

A

method for reinforced concrete design; used in steel since the 80s

64
Q

stress

A

internal force in a body that resists an external force

65
Q

surcharge

A

increased earth pressure against a retaining wall caused by vertical load behind the wall or a sloping ground surface

66
Q

t-beam

A

reinforced concrete beam which comprises part of the slab and integral beam

67
Q

thin shell

A

structure with curved surface supporting loads by tensions, compression and shear in its plane; too thin to resist bending stresses

68
Q

tied column

A

separate horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars

69
Q

torsion

A

rotation caused in a rigid diaphragm when center of mass is not the same as center of rigidity under lateral loads

70
Q

ultimate strength

A

maximum unit stress that can be developed in a material

71
Q

ultrasonic testing

A

non-destructive testing of welded joints with high-frequency sound waves

72
Q

vierendeel truss

A

truss with no diagonals

73
Q

wall footing

A

continuous spread footing supporting uniformly loaded wall

74
Q

yield stress

A

unit stress at which a material deforms with no increase in load

Structural Systems (3 decks)

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