Structures of RNA Flashcards
1
Q
What is a genome and when is it present
A
- Complete set of genes present in a cell
- Full genome is present within every cell of an organism, but not every gene is expressed in every cell
(Depends on the cell)
2
Q
What is the proteome
A
Full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce
-usually larger than the genome of an organism - Due to large amounts of post-translational modification of proteins (often in Golgi apparatus)
3
Q
What is the structure of mRNA
A
- Chemically unstable
- Signal stranded helical molecule
- Made up of sugar phosphate backbone and exposed base pairs
- Uracil base present instead of thymine
- Longer than tRNA but shorter than DNA
4
Q
How does mRNA code DNA ready to leave the cell
A
- DNA strand unwinds
- mRNA binds to template strand temporarily to make an mRNA copy of the coding strand (other DNA strand)
- The mRNA strand will detach from the template strand and leave the nucleus into the cytoplasm and the DNA will coil again
5
Q
What is the structure of tRNA
A
- Single stranded molecule
- More chemically stable than mRNA
- Sugar phosphate a backbone
- It has a folded shape (clover)
. Hydrogen binds between some of the complementary bases - Amino acids bind to specific regions on the tRNA molecule
- The specific anti-codon found on the tRNA molecule is complementary to a specific codon on an mRNA molecule
