Structures of a Synovial Joint

Question 1

Synovial Joint

Answer 1

Defined by the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule

They are freely moveable (diarthrosis) and are the most common type of joint found in the body

Can be sub-classified depending on the shape of their articular surfaces (joint connection surface): hinge, saddle, plane, pivot, condyloid, ball & socket

Question 2

Key Structures of a Synovial Joint

Answer 2

1) Articular Capsule
2) Articular Cartilage
3) Synovial Fluid

Question 3

Key Structures of a Synovial Joint: Articular Capsule

Answer 3

Surrounds the joint and is continuous with the periosteum of
articulating bones

Consists of 2 layers:
- Fibrous (outer) layer, white fibrous tissue, known as the capsular
ligament, it holds together the articulating bones and supports the
underlying synovium

 - Synovial (inner) layer, a highly vascularised layer of serous 
   connective tissue. It absorbs and secretes synovial fluid and is 
   responsible for the mediation of nutrient exchange between blood 
   and joint aka the synovium

Question 4

Key Structures of a Synovial Joint: Articular Cartilage

Answer 4

The articulating surfaces of a synovial joint are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage

It has 2 main roles:

• minimising friction upon joint movement
• absorbing shock

Is avascular so relies on passive diffusion of nutrients from the synovial fluid

Question 5

Key Structures of a Synovial Joint: Synovial Fluid

Answer 5

Located within joint cavity

Three primary functions:

• Lubrication
• Nutrient distribution
• Shock absorption