Structures and Movement Flashcards
Along what plane/axis does flexion and extension occur?
Sagittal Plane/ Frontal (X) axis
Abduction/adduction occurs along what plane/axis?
Frontal Plane/Sagittal (Z) axis
Radial/Ulnar deviation occurs along what plane/axis?
Frontal Plane/Sagittal (Z) axis
Eversion/Inversion occurs along what plane/axis?
Frontal Plane/Sagittal (Z) axis
Identify 3 body movements that occur predominantly in the sagittal plane
Flexion/Extension
Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion (ankle)
Palmarflexion/Dorsiflexion (wrist)
Hyperextension
*Note: these are all joint motions of flexion and extension but are labeled according to location or movement beyond anatomical position
Identify at least 3 body movements that occur predominantly in the horizontal (transverse) plane
Internal(medial) rotation/external(lateral) rotation
Supination/Pronation (forearm)
Horizontal abduction/Horizontal adduction
Right rotation/Left rotation (neck)
Identify at least 3 body movements that occur predominantly in the frontal plane
Abduction/Adduction
Eversion/Inversion (ankle)
Radial/Ulnar deviation
Provide feature/function of a fibrous joint and provide an example of one in the body
Immovable; no separation or joint cavity; provide shape and strength
Examples include:
Suture joint (synarthrosis) of skull
Ligaments/interosseus membrane (syndesmosis)
Gomphosis (tooth)
Provide feature/function of cartilagenous joint and an example from the body
Little movement; connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage; some compression; provide stability
Example:
Intervertebral disk
*Cartilagenous is also known as amphiarthrodial
Provide feature/function of a synovial joint and provide an example from the body
Encapsulated joint with synovial fluid within the cavity allowing free motion but less stable
Examples:
Ball-and-socket (diarthrodial) joints
What are degrees of freedom(DoF)? How many DoF does the entire upper limb (finger to shoulder) have?
The number of planes in which a joint can move
shoulder (triaxial or 3 DoF) + elbow (uniaxial or 1 DoF) + radioulnar/forearm (unaxial or 1 DoF) + wrist (biaxial or 2 DoF) + MCP (biaxial or 2 DoF) + PIP (uniaxial or 1 DoF) + DIP (uniaxial or 1 DoF) = 11 degrees of freedom
Provide an example of a uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial synovial joint
Uniaxial:
- Pivot joint - Forearm (radioulnar)
- Hinge joint - elbow, knee
Biaxial:
- Saddle joint -thumb, ankle
- Condyloid Joint - wrist, ankle, MCP
Triaxial:
- Ball and Socket joints - hip, shoulder
What are the synonyms for the origin and insertion of tendons?
Proximal insertion and distal insertion
A muscle can shorten to _____ of their resting length
half
Active Insufficiency
the point where a 2-joint (agonist)muscle cannot shorten any further, even though there is more range available
Passive Insufficiency
Point where a multijoint muscle cannot lengthen any further w/o damage to ibers, even though no joint ROM restrictions
*Occurs in antagonist
Label the types of contractions occurring in each imageX
Define agonist, antagonist and synergist
Agonist - Prime Mover. Causes the motion
Antagonist - opposite motion to agonist with potential to oppose, but usually relaxed
Synergists - muscles that works together to enhance a particular motion; stabilizes joint or begins motion, could counteract other muscle activity
Define open and closed kinetic chain
Open = proximal segment fixed, distal segment moves
- Usually free weight exercise or something like that
Closed = Distal segment fixed, proximal segment moves
- Often a weightbearing activity
