Structures Flashcards
Structures definition
A structure is the set of elements in a body that are intended to resist the effects of the forces that act on it (stresses).
What is stresses?
The forces that act on structures are called stresses. These forces tend to change the shape of the material and can even break the structures.
Tipe of stresses:
Traction (tirar)
Compresion (apretar)
Shear or cutting
Bending (undir el medio)
Torsion (girar)
Buckling or warping (flexion + compression)
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Type of structures?
Natural and artificial
Type of artificial estructures:
Massive structures
Arch and vault
Triangulated structures
Suspended structures
Frame structures
Pillars
Beams
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Massive structures:
● Most antique type of structures.
● They are built by piling up material with
almost no space left.
Arch and vaults:
The arch and the vault receive the weight of the structure, transmitting it to the ground.
Triangulated structures:
● The structure is divided in triangles
● Lightweight and resistant
Suspended structures:
The structure hangs from cables called suspenders (tirantes)
Frame structures:
● The most common type of structure in residential buildings.
● Consisting of concrete or steel bars rigidly connected.
Pillars
Pillars are vertical supports. They are subjected to compression.
Beams
The beams are horizontal elements that are joined at their ends to the columns, transmitting the loads to them.
They are subjected to bending stresses.
