Structured Personality Test Flashcards
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Index
What it is it?
true / false questions items about personality characteristics validity scales self report 2 alternative forms
MMPI-II
3 Validity scales
K scale - checks for giving socially desirable
L scale - lie scale
F scale - infrequently endorsed items. Checks people who take an unusual approach to testing.
high scores = biased results (in theory)
MMPI-2
Advantages
recent standardisation
extensive use
high researcher interest
MMPI-2
Problems
Item overlap amoung scales
imbalance t/f keying
high intercorrelation among scales
lack of generalisability across PV demographics
MMPI-2 How constructured
Criterion group strategy.
group with known characteristics vs. control group
Items that distinguished criterion group included in scale
cross-validated on an independent sample of criterion and control.
Attempted to discern an items meaning empirically
MMPI-2 assumptions used in construction
people diagnosed correctly
Assumes people are honest
4 test construction methods and examples
Logical Content Strategy - Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
Criterion Group - MMPI-2
Factor Analytic Strategy - 16 PF by Cattell
Theory Method - Edwards personal preference schedule; Jackson Personality Inventory,
Combination strategy - NEO personality inventory
Test Construction - Logical Content Strategy
Assumes
Items can be interpreted @ face value
subject takes a normal approach, comply, read instructions and are honest
Logical Content Strategy for test construction
uses reason and deductive logic to develop items.
Logical Content Strategy for test construction example
Woodworth Personal Data Sheet - First personality inventory WWI
Identify recruits likely to break down in combat
identified people at risk who needed further screening`
Woodworth Personal Data Sheet - Items
forced choice items
items lists of known symptoms of emotional disorders
single score
items endorsed by 25% or more of a normal sample excluded from the test.
Test construction - theoritical strategy example
Edwards personal preference schedule
personality research form
jackson personality inventory
Theoritical Strategy - Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)
Items selected to measure variables specified by a theory of personality
EPPS is based on Murray (1938) theory of needs
15 needs such as
accomplish, conform, exhibition,
constructed items with content validity for each need.
EPPS - Response style bias solution
Items rated on social desirabilty.
Items with similair social desirability paired.
EPPS - Scoring
Ipsative scores: results are compared with the person taking the test expressed in relative strength of need
Forced choice between options = in social desirability but can still be fake
15 scales low correlations
EPPS reliability, validity, used where, norming
reliability .60 - .87 split half; test - retest
intercorrelations among scales lower than 16pf and MMPI
and widely used in applied settings and counselling centres.
normed on 1500 high school students, college students and 9000 adults in 48 states
Personality Research form (PRF)
Jackson Personality Inventory Revised -
test construction mixed methods
Theoritical Strategy used in construction based on Murrays theory of needs.
defined each need
100 items each scale
1000 college students
biserial correlational analysis
items kept if high for one scale and low for others.
strict definitional standards and statistical proccedures
Personality Research Form and Jackson Personality Inventory validity
PRF - social desirability scale infrequecy scale norms balanced T/F keying Created new trend in test construction
Test Construction - Factor Analysis - 16 Personality Factor Cattell
list personality adjectives
4500 traits reduced to 171 items (surface items)
36 dimensions
16 distinct factors (source traits)
EPPS - Problems
not well received by reviewers
concept of comparing relative, ipsative scores to normative percentiles is questionable.
Factor Analysis - 16 Personality Factors - Standardising
Separate norms male and female
adults, college students, high-school seniors
9 normative samples based on demographics
age correction scale
15000 representative of geographic area, population density, age, family income, race
cross cultural studies
16PF forms available
2 paralell forms for 3 vocab levels;
newspaper literate
education disadvantaged
oral form available
16PF - variations
Age
So pop grp
Childrens personality questionaire; age 8 to 12
Items related to new psych disorders factor analysed
12 new factors in clinical analysis questionaire
16PF - Psychometrics
no item overlap balanced keying short term test-retest .65 to .93 long term test-retest .21 to .64 correlation between forms .16 to .79 16 PF intercollerate .75 4 second order factors.
The 10 clinical scales of the MMPI-2
anxiety fears obsessiveness depression health concerns bizare mentation anger cynicism antisocial practices type a behaviour low self esteem social discomfort familt problmes work interference negative treatment indicators
Murray’s they of need
Unconcious
20 needs that energise behaviour
