Structure & Properties of Matter Flashcards
What has matter?
Everything is made up of matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space is matter!
What is matter made up of?
Tiny particles called atoms and molecules
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What are ways to measure matter?
for Volume: rulers, graduated cylinders, water displacement
for Mass: scales/balances
What determines the state of matter? Explain how this applies to the three states (solid, liquid, gas)
the way particles move and HOW they move
Solids: particles tightly packed and vibrate in place
Liquids: particles are close together but can move past each other
Gases: Particles are spread apart and move freely
Explain how matter can change states
Freezing: liquid to solid
Boiling/Evaporation: liquid to gas
Condensation: gas to liquid
Melting: solid to liquid
Define what physical properties are
OBSERVABLE characteristics that don’t change the identity of the object
What are examples of physical properties
Color
Shape
Texture
State
Give 3 examples of how a substance reacts with other substances and their definitions
Flammability (how easily something catches fire)
Reactivity (how something changes when it touches other objects like fizzing)
Acidity (strong acids react faster like dissolving)
What is density?
How much mass is packed into a certain volume
Describe the relationship between dense substances and sinking
Denser substances sink in less dense substances
What is buoyancy?
Buoyancy is the upward force a fluid exerts on an object
If an object is less dense than the fluid does it sink or float?
If an object is less dense than the fluid, it floats
If it is denser, it sinks
Describe magnetism
Magnetism is a property that describes certain materials have the ability to attract other materials
What are examples of magnetic materials
Iron
Nickel
Cobalt
What is viscosity?
a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow
What are examples of fluids with high viscosity?
Honey
Syrup
What is an example of a fluid with low viscosity
Water
What makes something more viscous?
Closely packed liquid particles
What is hardness?
the resistance of a matter to deformation or scratching
What is one of the hardest naturally occurring substances
Diamonds
What are physical changes in matter? (Definition)
How an object changes (changes in appearance or state without changing the makeup of the particles)
What are examples of physical changes in matter?
Melting
Freezing
Dissolving
Reminder: physical changes in matter change the appearance or state without changing the makeup of the particles
What are chemical changes in matter? (Definition)
When a new substance is formed with different properties
What are examples of chemical changes in matter?
Rusting
Burning
Baking
Reminder: chemical changes in matter is when a new substance is formed with different properties
Can matter be created or destroyed?
NO because of the law of conservation of matter
Matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another
Describe the relationship between the mass of two substances in chemical reactions
Total mass of the reactants (new substance)
=
Total mass of the products (original substance)
What is solubility?
the ability of a substance to dissolve in another’s
What is an example of solubility?
Salt (solute) dissolves in water (solvent)
