Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Structure of the vertebral column > Flashcards

Structure of the vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of a vertebral column?

A

Sigmoid shaped. Composed of vertebrae and intercalated disks between each one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the structure of intercalated disks?

A
  • cushion like pads made of two parts:
  • inner gelatinous (nucleus pulpous)
  • outer collar (superficially of collagen fibers and inner part of the collar is fibrocartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the general structure of a vertebrae?

A
  • body (centrum)
  • vertebral arch
  • vertebral foramen
  • laminae (bridge of arch)
  • pedicles (legs of arch)
  • spinous process
  • transverse process
  • paired Superior and Inferior transverse processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the regional features in CERVICAL vertebrae?

A

CERVICAL:

  • Atlas circular bone, has no body or spinous process
  • Axis has a normal body and all other process. special feature is the dens (which is the missing body of the process.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the regional features in THORACIC vertebrae?

A

THORACIC:

  • heart shaped body (centrum)
  • body has two small facets (demi-facets) which receive the head of the ribs
  • circular foramen
  • spinous point down (sharply)
  • transverse processes have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs
  • superior and inferior articular facets lie close to frontal side.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the regional features in LUMBER vertebrae?

A

LUMBER:

  • kidney-shaped body (centrum)
  • triangular foramen
  • short, flat, hatchet-shaped spinous. Also robust and points down (modified to attach large back muscles).
  • shorter and thicker pedicles and laminae
  • superior and inferior articular facets lock with each other hold the lumber vertebrae together and prevent spine from from rotating.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the regional features in SACRAM?

A

SACRUM:

  • triangular shaped
  • superior facet articulates with lumber vertebrae (L5) and inferior facet, with the coccyx
  • laterally articulates at auricular facets with the hip bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of each of parts in an intercalated disk?

A
  • NUCLEUS PULPOSUS = acts like a rubber ball that provides elasticity and compressibility of the spines
  • ANNULUS PULPOSUS = acts like a woven strap that binds successive
    vertebrae and limits expansion of the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS when compressed
  • ANNULUS PULPOSUs = also withstands twisting forces and resists tension on the spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of intervertebral disks (found between the vertebrae)?

A

Acts as a shock absorber when walking, jumping and running.

Allows the spine the flex, extend and bend laterally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are true ribs and false ribs?

A

TRUE = superior 7 ribs that attach individually and directly to the sternum via costal cartilage.

FALSE = rib 8 - 10 which attach to the sternum indirectly by sharing the same costal cartilage or lack attachment to the sternum at all. Rib 11 and 12 do not attach to sternum, and are called floating ribs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the feature of typical and atypical ribs?

A

TYPICAL:

  • shaft (body) is the main part (single costal groove on the inner part)
  • head (articulates with the vertebrae)
  • neck (thin part)
  • tubercle (articulates with the costal of the transverse processes

ATYPICAL:
- these ribs have variations in their structure (e.g. the number of costal groves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the structure of the sternum?

A

made of 3 fused parts:

  • manubrium = shaped lie a neck tie is the superior part of the sternum
  • body = largest part of the sternum
  • xiphoid process = inferior part of the sternum, is hyaline cartilage in youth and ossifies over the age of 40
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the features of the pectoral girdle?

A

the pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle (anteriorly) and scapula (posteriorly).
Anteriorly, the clavicle (medial end) attaches to the sternum and the distal end attaches to the scapula laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the features of the clavicle (part of the pectoral girdle)?

A

the medial end of clavicle is cone-shaped meets the manubrium of the sternum and the distal end is flattened and attaches to the scapula laterally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the features of the scapula (part of the pectoral girdle)?

A
  • it is a triangular-shaped bone on the dorsal side of the ribcage
  • superior side is short and sharp
  • medial side parallels vertebral column
  • lateral side abuts the armpit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the features of the arm (brachium)?

A
  • called the humerus
  • longest bone in the upper limbs
  • proximal side articulates with scapula
  • distal side articulates with the ulna and radius
17
Q

Describe the features of the forearm (antebrachium)?

A
  • made up of the ulna and radius
  • ulna = medial and longer than radius, forms the elbow joint
  • radius = lateral and thinner,
  • ulna and radius articulate both at the proximal (humerus) and distal end (wrist)
18
Q

Name of the bones of the carpus

A

PROMIXIMAL:

  • scaphoid
  • lunate
  • triquetrum
  • pisiform

DISTAL:

  • trapezium
  • trapezoid
  • capitate
  • hamate
19
Q

Describe the bones of the pelvic girdle?

A
  • ilium = superior hipbone
  • ischium = posteroinferior
  • pubis = pubic bone, anterior hipbone
20
Q

Describe the bones of the thigh and leg?

A
  • thigh = femur, longest and largest bone in body

- leg = tibia (medial) and fibular (lateral)

21
Q

Name the bones of the tarsus?

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • cuboid
  • navicular
  • medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiform
22
Q

Name the arches of the foot and describe the important structures in each arch?

A
  • medial longitudinal arch = supported by the talus, is higher than the the lateral and consists of the talus, calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiform and metatarsal 1, 2 and 3.
  • lateral longitudinal arch = supported by the cuboid, consists of the calcaneus, cuboid and metatarsals 4 and 5.
  • transverse arch = supported by the two longitudinal arches which form the pillar, consists of the three cuneiforms, cuboid and 5 metarsals.

Human Anatomy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions