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Integumentary System > Structure of the skin - The Epidermis > Flashcards

Structure of the skin - The Epidermis Flashcards

1
Q

The Integument as an organ is also known as :

A

Skin

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2
Q

The Integumentary system includes :

A

Skin and skin derivatives(Hair, Nails, Sweat glands)

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3
Q

The integumentary system is the ________ system in the body.

A

largest

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4
Q

The integument is made up of two parts:

A

Cutaneous membrane and Accessory structures

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5
Q

Cutaneous membrane consists of :

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

Superficial epithelium

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7
Q

Dermis

A

Underlying cutaneous tissue with blood supply

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8
Q

Accessory structures consists of :

A

Hair, Nails, Exocrine glands

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9
Q

Functions of integumentary system (PASSIFS)

A 
Protection
Absorption
Secretion
Sensation
Ion Transport
Fluid Filtration
Slippery Surface
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10
Q

Functions of the integument as protection

A
  • Acts as first line of defense against bacteria and viruses.
  • Protects underlying structures from UV radiation and Dehydration
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11
Q

Function of the integument as secretion

A

Small amounts of waste products are lost through perspiration.

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12
Q

Function of the integument as sensation

A

Sensory receptors detect temperature, pressure, pain and itch.

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13
Q

Body temperature regulation if it is too hot

A
  • Dermal blood vessels dilate.

- Vessels carry more blood to surface so heat can escape.

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14
Q

Body temperature regulation if it is too cold

A
  • Dermal blood vessels constrict.

- Prevents heat from escaping.

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15
Q

3 structural layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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16
Q

Describe epidermis

A

It is a stratified squamous epithelium.

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17
Q

Most abundant cells in epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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18
Q

Number of layers of thin skin

A

4 layers of keratinocytes

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19
Q

Number of layers of thick skin

A

5 layers of keratinocytes

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20
Q

Thick skin are found in :

A

the sole of the feet and the palm of the hand.

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21
Q

The five strata of keratinocytes in thick skin

A 
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
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22
Q

The four strata of keratinocytes in thin skin

A

Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Corneum

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23
Q

Stratum basale is attached to ________ by _______.

A

basement membrane; hemidesmosomes

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24
Q

Stratum basale forms

A

epidermal ridges

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25
Q

Stratum basale contains

A

dermal papillae

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26
Q

Cells found in stratum basale

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel cells

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27
Q

Stratum spinosum is a spiny layer produced by _______ of _______.

A

division; stratum basale

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28
Q

In stratum spinosum, ________ shrink until ________ stick out(spiny).

A

cells; cytoskeleton

29
Q

Cells found in stratum spinosum

A

langerhans cells

30
Q

Stratum granulosum is a _______ layer and is the layer where _______ stop _______.

A

grainy; cells; dividing

31
Q

The layer that starts producing keratin

A

Stratum granulosum

32
Q

Keratin

A

A tough, fibrous protein which makes up hair and nails.

33
Q

The layer that covers stratum granulosum

A

Stratum lucidum

34
Q

Stratum lucidum is a ______ layer found only in _____ skin.

A

clear; thick

35
Q

Stratum corneum is the _____ layer which is the exposed ______ of the ______ .

A

horn; surface; skin

36
Q

Layers of keratinized cells in the stratum corneum

A

15 to 30 layers

37
Q

The stratum corneum is _______ resistant.

A

water

38
Q

The stratum corneum is shedded every _________.

A

2 weeks

39
Q

Layer of the epidermis where mitosis takes place

A

Stratum germinativum/basale

40
Q

The innermost layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum basale

41
Q

Process of mitosis in stratum basale

A

New cells are continually being produced, pushing the older cells toward the skin surface.

42
Q

The cells of stratum basale produces

A

Keratin

43
Q

Location of Merkel cells in the epidermis layer

A

Stratum germinativum

44
Q

Merkel cells are responsible for

A

the sense of the touch

45
Q

The anti-microbial peptides that living keratinocytes sysnthesize are called

A

Defensins

46
Q

When are defensins produced?

A

They are produced following any injury to the skin, as part of the process of inflammation.

47
Q

Function of Defensins

A

Defensins will rupture the cell membranes of pathogens such as bacteria that may enter the body by way of breaks in the skin.

48
Q

What vitamin does the living portion of the epidermis produces?

A

Vitamin D

49
Q

Importance of Vitamin D

A

It is important for absorption of Calcium & Phosphorus.

50
Q

Outermost epidermal layer

A

Stratum corneum

51
Q

Stratum corneum consists of

A

Dead cells that have only keratin

52
Q

Which protein in the skin is relatively waterproof?

A

Keratin

53
Q

________ prevents the entry of water in the stratum corneum.

A

Keratin

54
Q

Which epidermal layer acts as barrier to pathogens and chemicals

A

Stratum corneum

55
Q

Which substance inhibit the growth of microorganisms in skin

A

Sebum

56
Q

Which cells are able to phagocytize foreign material, such as bacteria that enter the body through breaks in the skin?

A

Langerhans cells

57
Q

Melanocytes produces another protein called

A

Melanin

58
Q

Which two parts of the eye obtain their color from melanin?

A

Iris, and Interior Choroid layer of the eyeball.

59
Q

Dark hair contains

A

True melanin

60
Q

Blond and red hair result from types of melanin that contain

A

Sulfur and Iron

61
Q

When does hair goes gray?

A

When melanocytes age and lose the enzyme necessary to produce melanin.

62
Q

Genetic condition resulting in a total lack of melanin

A

Albinism

63
Q

Type of tissue in the dermis

A

Irregular fibrous connective tissue.

64
Q

What happens to our elastic fibers when we get increasingly old?

A

The elastic fibers degrades causing the skin to lose its elasticity.

65
Q

The uneven junction of the dermis with the epidermis is called

A

Papillary layer.

66
Q

Capillaries are only found in the

A

Dermis

67
Q

Hair follicles are made up of

A

Epidermal tissue

68
Q

Functions of human hairs

A
  • Eyelashes and eyebrows help to keep dust and perspiration out of the eyes.
  • Hairs inside the nostrils help to keep dust/pollens out of the nasal cavities.
  • Hair of the scalp does provide insulation from cold for the head.

Integumentary System (4 decks)

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