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Dermatology Phase 1a > Structure of the Skin > Flashcards

Structure of the Skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Where does the epidermis of the skin originate from?

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

Where does the dermis of the skin originate from?

A

Mesoderm that comes in contact with the inner surface of epidermis

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3
Q

What happens week 5 in skin development?

A
  1. Epidermis forms as a single layer of cuboidal cells
  2. Secondary layer of squamous, non keratinising cuboidal cells (periderm) form
  3. Periderm generates white, waxy protective substance - vernix caseosa
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4
Q

What is the periderm?

A

Cells with projecting globules covered with small protusions

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5
Q

What happens around week 11 of skin development?

A

Basal layer of cuobidal cells (stratum germinativum) proliferates to form multilayered intermediate zone

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6
Q

What happens around week 20 of skin development?

A

Further differentiation of the cuboidal cells into spinosum, granulosum, lucidum and corneum

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7
Q

Superficial strata: Spinosum

A

Spinous

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8
Q

Superficial strata: Granulosum

A

Granular

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9
Q

Superficial strata: Lucidum

A

Clear, found on palms of hands and sole of feet

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10
Q

Superficial strata: Corneum

A

horny

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11
Q

What happens between weeks 9-13? (hair follicles)

A

Development of hair follicles in stratum germinativum and appearance of lanugo hair

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12
Q

What happens weeks 12-14? (dermis)

A

Epidermal ridges protrude as troughs into developing dermis beneath (rete ridge)

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13
Q

Structure of the skin superficial to deep

A

Epidermis , Basement membrane, Dermis, Subcutaneous fat

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14
Q

What is called the building blocks of eppidermis in the skin?

A

Keratinocytes

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15
Q

Division of cells in basal layers (progressive differentiation/flattening towards surface away from basal membrane)

A

Basement membrane, basal layer, spinous layer, granular layer, stratum corneum

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16
Q

Stratum lucidum found only?

A

Palms and soles (no nuclei or organelles)

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17
Q

Which cells in basal layer do not have nuclei or organelles?

A

Stratum lucidum and corneum

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18
Q

Cellular progression from basal layer in how long?

A

30 days

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19
Q

Filamentous cytoskeleton of keratinocytes comprises of:

A

Actin- containing microfilaments (7nm)
Tubulin containing microtubules (20-25nm)

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20
Q

Role of Keratins (5)

A

Structural properties, cell signalling, stress repsonse, apoptosis, wound healing

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21
Q

Role of desmosomes (3)

A

Major adhesion complex in epidermis
Anchor keratin intermediate filaments to cell membrane and bridge adjacent keratinocytes
Allows cells to withstand trauma

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22
Q

Role of gap junctions (2)

A

directly form connections between cytoplasm of adjacent keratinocytes

cell synchronization and coordination

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23
Q

Role of adherens junctions (1)

A

engage with actin skeleton

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24
Q

Role of tight junctions (1)

A

Role in barrier integrity and cell polarity

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25
Q

Melanocyes function (1)

A

Distribute melanin pigment to keratinocytes
(dendritic)

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26
Q

Langerhnas cells (1)

A

Antigen presenting cells
(dendritic)

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27
Q

Merkel cells function (1)

A

mechanosensory receptor

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28
Q

Structure of the basement membrane (1)

A

(Aka dermal-epidermal junction)
Proteins and glycoprotiens

29
Q

Proteins and glycoproteins found in basement membrane

A

Collagen (IV, VII)
Laminin
Integrins

30
Q

Role of basement membrane (4)

A

Cell adhesion
Cell migration
Diffusion of bioactive molecules
Rete ridges

31
Q

Dermins function (1)

A

extracellular matrix- provides resilience

32
Q

Two layers of dermis are …

A

Papillary dermis
Reticular dermis

33
Q

Papillary dermis (3)

A

Superficial
Loose connective tissue
Vascular

34
Q

Reticular Dermis (3)

A

Deep
Dense connective tissue
Forms bulk of dermis

35
Q

Glycoproteins found in dermis (3)

A

Fibronectin, fibulin, integrins

36
Q

Role of glycoproteins in dermis (1)

A

Facilitate cell adhesion and cell motility

37
Q

Proteins in skin with proportions (2)

A

Collagen (80-85%)- mianly type I and III
Elatin fibres (2-4%)- fibrillin, elastin

38
Q

Where is ground substance found in terms of the dermis?

A

Between dermal collagen and elastic tissue

39
Q

Primary cells present in dermis:

A

Fibroblasts

40
Q

Blood supply of skin

A

Deep and superficial vascular plexus

41
Q

Autonomic innervation of skin (2)

A

Cholinergic- eccrine
Adrenergic- eccrine and apocrine

42
Q

What’s in a pilosebaceous unit?

A

The hair follicle itself with an attached sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle

43
Q

What three body sites has the highest sensory innervation?

A

Face
Extremeties
Genitalia

44
Q

Innervation of dermis

A

Afferent nerves- Corpuscular – Encapsulated receptor e.g corpuscle (Meissner)

45
Q

Innervation of epidermis

A

Afferent nerves — Free — Non encapsulated receptors e.g Merkel cell

46
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle aka

A

Tactile corpuscle

47
Q

Where Meissner’s corpuscle located?

A

Superficial dermis

48
Q

Where are Meissner’s corpuscle most concentrated?

A

Thick hairless skin e.g finger pads and lips

49
Q

Ruffini Corpuscle aka

A

Bulbous corpuscle

50
Q

What is Ruffini Corpuslce?

A

Slow acting mechanoreceptor

51
Q

Where is Ruffini Corpuslce located?

A

Deeper in dermis

52
Q

HIghest density of Ruffini Corpuscle?

A

Around fingernails

53
Q

What is Ruffini Corpuscle sensitive to?

A

Skin stretch

54
Q

Role of Ruffini Corpuscle (1)

A

Monitors slippage of objects

55
Q

Pacinian corpuscle aka

A

Lamellar corpuscle

56
Q

What is Pacinian corpuscle ?

A

Rapidly adapting (phasic) mechanoreceptor

57
Q

What are Pacinian corpuscle sensitive to?

A

Deep pressure and vibration

58
Q

Where Pacinian corpuscle ?

A

Dermal papillae of hands and feet

59
Q

What are Merkel Cells?

A

Non-encapsulated mechanoreceptors

60
Q

What are Merkel cells sensitive to?

A

Light/sustained touch, pressure

61
Q

Location of Merkel cells

A

Stratum basale, directly above basement membrane

62
Q

Area with highest density of Merkel cells

A

Fingertips

63
Q

Merkel cells also found in …

A

Palms, soles, oral and genital mucosa

64
Q

Fibre of Merkel and Meissner cells

A

AB

65
Q

Insert fibres and modality

A

at some point

66
Q

Role of microbiota skin (2)

A

Chronic disease, Immune- modulation and epithelial cell

67
Q

Function of the skin (6)

A

Immunological barrier
Physical barrier
Thermoregulation
Sensation
Metabolism
Aesthetic appearance

68
Q

Continue from skin function

A

Dermatology Phase 1a (4 decks)

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